记录:spring data jpa简单使用

网课记录,很基础,没什么技术含量


JPA是个规范,而Hibernate是这个规范的一个实现,spring data jpa则是在Hibernate的基础上再进行的一次封装。

项目依赖(单独引入JPA,实际上在springboot工程当中引入JPA的依赖比这个要简单一些):
<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.38</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.6.Final</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
        <!--<dependency>-->
            <!--<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>-->
            <!--<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>-->
            <!--<version>4.3.5.RELEASE</version>-->
            <!--<scope>test</scope>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
    </dependencies>
JPA相关配置(使用了java config,原课程里还在用xml配置,我觉得太麻烦了,还是用java config顺手一些。实际上在springboot工程里配置这个也就是application.yml里几句话的事儿,不用下面代码中这么麻烦):
import com.wmx.util.JDBCUtil;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.wmx")
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.wmx", entityManagerFactoryRef = "entityManager",
                        transactionManagerRef = "transactionManager")
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DriverManagerDataSource getDriverManagerDataSource(){
        InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        DriverManagerDataSource driverManagerDataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        driverManagerDataSource.setDriverClassName(properties.getProperty("jdbc.driverClass"));
        driverManagerDataSource.setUrl(properties.getProperty("jdbc.url"));
        driverManagerDataSource.setUsername(properties.getProperty("jdbc.user"));
        driverManagerDataSource.setPassword(properties.getProperty("jdbc.password"));
        return driverManagerDataSource;
    }

    @Bean(name = "jdbcTemplate")
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate(){
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
        jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(getDriverManagerDataSource());
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }

    @Bean(name = "entityManager")
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean getEntityManager(){
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean manager = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        manager.setDataSource(getDriverManagerDataSource());
        manager.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
        manager.setJpaProperties(getJPAProperties());
        manager.setPackagesToScan("com.wmx");
        return manager;
    }

    @Bean
    public Properties getJPAProperties() {
        InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jpa.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return properties;
    }

    @Bean(name = "transactionManager")
    public JpaTransactionManager getTransactionManager(){
        JpaTransactionManager jpaTransactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        jpaTransactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(getEntityManager().getObject());
        return jpaTransactionManager;
    }
}

JPA配置主要就两部分:
一是entityManager的配置,里面包含数据源,JPA属性等一些配置
二是事务管理器transactionManager的配置,具体代码看上面的就行。
db.properties的内容我就不贴了,这里贴出jpa.properties的内容:

hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy = org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
#显示sql
hibernate.show_sql = true
#格式化sql
hibernate.format_sql = true
#自动创建表
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update

如何加载java config的上下文:

ApplicationContext applicationContext =
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(DataSourceConfig.class);

下面用这个context去getBean就可以了。

spring data jpa的核心就是repository接口:
public interface Repository<T, ID extends Serializable> {
}

T是表实体类,ID则是主键的数据类型,比如:

public interface EmployeeRepository extends Repository<Employee, Integer> {
}

这就是一个表的repository接口。
repository接口是一个空接口,是标记接口(eg:序列化接口也是标记接口)
继承这个接口,就会被spring容器所管理
除了继承repository接口,还有一种实现方式,是@RepositoryDefinition注解:

@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = AccountEntity.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface AccountEntityRepository {
    AccountEntity findByName(String name);
}
repository查询方法定义规则和使用:

直接上截图:
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
代码示例:

	Employee findByName(String name);

    //where name like ?% and age < ?
    List<Employee> findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);

    //where name like %? and age < ?
    List<Employee> findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);

    //where name in (?,?,...) or age < ?
    List<Employee> findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(List<String> names, Integer age);

通过单测,全部好用。
这种写法的问题:1、方法名太长了,稍微复杂一点的查询,方法名就会起飞。2、本身这种写法对复杂查询的支持也不太好。

为了解决这个问题,于是有了@Query注解查询:

方法名不需要遵循查询方法运行规则
支持命名参数和索引参数的使用(例子会有这两种写法,直接上代码)
支持本地查询(即使用数据库标准语法)
@Query注解示例:

    @Query("select o from Employee o where id = (select max(id) from Employee)")
    Employee getEmployeeByMaxId();
    @Query("select d from Employee d where d.name = ?1 and d.age = ?2")
    List<Employee> getByParams1(String name, Integer age);

    @Query("select d from Employee d where d.name = :name and d.age = :age")
    List<Employee> getByParams2(@Param("name") String name, @Param("age") Integer age);
    @Query("select d from Employee d where d.name like %:name%")
    List<Employee> getByParams3(@Param("name") String name);
    //本地查询,使用的是数据库标准语法,而不是面向对象的HQL
    @Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "select count(1) from employee")
    int getByNativeQuery();

需要注意的是,在不使用nativeQuery = true的情况下,@Query注解中的sql语句是面向对象的HQL语法,不是标准的sql语法。

更新与删除:

需要使用@Modifying注解
事务使用@Transactional注解(在service层使用,而不是DAO层)
示例:

	@Modifying
    @Query("update Employee  d set d.age = ?2 where d.id = ?1")
    void updateAgeById(Integer id, Integer age);
repository子接口:

1、CrudRepository:实现基本的crud方法(比如save方法,findOne方法等)
2、PagingAndSortingRepository:在crud基础上实现了分页和排序相关的方法
3、JpaRepository,在分页基础上,实现JPA规范相关方法

分页及排序:继承PagingAndSortingRepository接口:
public interface EmployeePageSortRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Employee, Integer> {
}

使用方法(注意注释):

	//页号是从0开始计算的,所以本方法查询的是
	//第二页的信息,每页3条记录,按id降序进行排序
	@Test
    public void page1() {
        Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");
        Sort sort = new Sort(order);

        EmployeePageSortRepository er = SpringUtil.getApplicationContext().getBean(EmployeePageSortRepository.class);
        Pageable p = new PageRequest(1,3, sort);
        Page<Employee> pg = er.findAll(p);
        System.out.println("总页数:"+pg.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总条数:"+pg.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("当前页元素:"+pg.getContent());
        System.out.println("每页条数:"+pg.getSize());
        System.out.println("当前页:"+pg.getNumber());
        System.out.println(er);
    }

不过使用这种方法也有一个问题,就是这分页查询是不带条件的,实用性不太高。
为了给分页查询带上条件,于是又有一个接口:JpaSpecificationExecutor

JpaSpecificationExecutor:
public interface EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorRepository
        extends JpaSpecificationExecutor<Employee>, JpaRepository<Employee, Integer> {
}

这里同时继承两个接口,这样既能有查询条件,又能使用分页。
示例代码:

    @Test
    public void page2() {
        Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");
        Sort sort = new Sort(order);

        Pageable p = new PageRequest(0,3, sort);

        EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorRepository er =
                SpringUtil.getApplicationContext().getBean(EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorRepository.class);
        Specification specification = new Specification() {
            //查询年龄大于45
            @Override
            public Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
                Path path = root.get("age");
                return criteriaBuilder.gt(path, 45);
            }
        };
        Specification specification1 = new Specification() {
            //查询年龄大于45,并且id小于3
            @Override
            public Predicate toPredicate(Root root, CriteriaQuery criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
                Path path = root.get("age");
                Path path2 = root.get("id");
                criteriaQuery.where(criteriaBuilder.gt(path, 45), criteriaBuilder.lt(path2, 3));
                return null;
            }
        };
        Page<Employee> pg = er.findAll(specification1, p);
        System.out.println("总页数:"+pg.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总条数:"+pg.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("当前页元素:"+pg.getContent());
        System.out.println("每页条数:"+pg.getSize());
        System.out.println("当前页:"+pg.getNumber());

        System.out.println(er);
    }

该接口的其余用法见这篇博客,这篇总结了一些,包括多表关联的写法:

https://www.jianshu.com/p/659e9715d01d

其实感觉这玩意儿已经有点背离初衷了,我用你封装的框架,主要还是为了少写代码,不过现在发现写个多条件的查询,代码量也不比写原生sql少啊。
感觉这东西除了切数据库很方便,不用改代码之外,其余地方不如mybatis。
对我来说,还是直接写原生sql比较简单粗暴一些。。。

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