基于centos7安装mycat服务配置读写分离

1、mycat读写分离架构思路

1. mycat官网
2. mycat权威指南

2、环境准备

1. 两台服务器都安装了mysql数据库均能正常使用。(192.168.78.230主，192.168.78.235从)
   未安装mysql的小伙伴可以参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34846877/article/details/107044396
2. 一台服务器安装mycat，如果资源不够可以安装在两台服务器中其中一台。(192.168.78.231)
3. mycat安装包地址：Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz
4. linux下载命令：wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz

3、mycat安装

上传安装包到 /usr/local 并解压后得到mycat文件，目录如下图
tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz

随后删除安装包：rm -rf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz
存储不足，各位随意，可以移到其它位置。

4、配置

进入到mycat进行配置读写分离，删除多余的配置信息。

4.1、server.xml 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
	- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
	may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
	- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
	distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
	WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
	License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
	under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

    <!-- 读写都可用的用户 -->
    <user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
        <property name="password">root</property>
        <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>

        <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
        <!--        
        <privileges check="false">
            <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
                <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
                <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
            </schema>
        </privileges>       
         -->
    </user>

    <!-- 只读用户 -->
    <user name="user">
        <property name="password">user</property>
        <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
        <property name="readOnly">true</property>
    </user>

</mycat:server>

4.2、schema.xml 配置

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

        <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
        		<!-- auto sharding by id (long) -->
                <!-- <table name="record" primaryKey="id" autoIncrement="true" subTables="record_$0-3" dataNode="dn1" rule="rule1" splitTableNames ="true"/> -->

        </schema>

        <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="gi_test" />

        <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="3"
                          writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
                <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
                <!-- can have multi write hosts -->
                <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.78.230:3306" user="root" password="root">
                    <!-- 可以配置多个从库 -->
                    <readHost host="hostS1" url="192.168.78.235:3306" user="root" password="root" />
                </writeHost>

        </dataHost>

</mycat:schema>

4.3、rule.xml 配置

由于schema.xml中注释了对表的配置，故没有采用规则，所有rule.xml规则可以采用默认的，不用修改，但是后面学习分表分库会用到该规则。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
        - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
        may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
        - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
        distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
        WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
        License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
        under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <!-- 定义一个表路由规则 -->
    <tableRule name="rule1">
          <rule>
                <!-- id为真实分表字段，这里为路由字段,表示通过这个字段拆分 -->
                <columns>id</columns>
                <!-- 指定路由则规则所使用的算法 -->
                <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
          </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <!-- 枚举规则 -->
    <tableRule name="rule2">
        <rule>
           <columns>city</columns>
           <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <!-- 定义取模算法，name表示名称，class表示所使用的算法类 -->
    <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
          <!-- count表示分表的个数 -->
          <property name="count">4</property>
    </function>

    <!-- 定义枚举算法，mapFile：指定枚举映射文件
                type：字段属性类型，默认值为0，0表示Integer，非零表示String
                defaultNode：指定默认节点，如果city值没有在partition-hash-int.txt中配置枚举映射，则会被映射到默认的节点上，
                其值从0开始，对应了schema.xml文件<table>的subTables属性值
    -->
    <function name="hash-int" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
                <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
                <property name="type">1</property>
                <property name="defaultNode">1</property>
    </function>

</mycat:rule>

配置完成后启动mycat服务
启动命令：./mycat start
停止命令：./mycat stop
重启命令：./mycat restart

查看相应的日志是否启动成功
查看日志：tailf wrapper.log

5、功能测试

分别用不用的用户连接mycat后测试

1. user 用户连接 --> 该用户只读。
   
2. root 用户连接 --> 插入成功
   
   利用mycat可以很好缓解数据库负载过大引起的缓慢问题，以上就是基于mycat读写分离的配置。自我总结学习并分享给大家。
   上一篇：基于centos7安装MySQL8主从复制配置
   下一篇：基于mycat整合springboot项目实现读写分离
   学习参考：蚂蚁课堂，mycat官网