1、Spring mvc介绍
SpringMVC框架是以请求为驱动,围绕Servlet设计,将请求发给控制器,然后通过模型对象,分派器来展示请求结果视图。其中核心类是DispatcherServlet,它是一个Servlet,顶层是实现的Servlet接口。
2、SpringMVC使用
需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet。并且需要配置spring监听器ContextLoaderListener
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<listener>
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<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
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</listener>
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>
springmvc
</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
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<!-- 如果不设置init-param标签,则必须在/WEB-INF/下创建xxx-servlet.xml文件,其中xxx是servlet-name中配置的名称。 -->
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<init-param>
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<param-name>
contextConfigLocation
</param-name>
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<param-value>
classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml
</param-value>
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</init-param>
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<load-on-startup>1
</load-on-startup>
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>springmvc
</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>/
</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
3、SpringMVC运行原理
如图所示:
流程说明:
(1)客户端(浏览器)发送请求,直接请求到DispatcherServlet。
(2)DispatcherServlet根据请求信息调用HandlerMapping,解析请求对应的Handler。
(3)解析到对应的Handler后,开始由HandlerAdapter适配器处理。
(4)HandlerAdapter会根据Handler来调用真正的处理器开处理请求,并处理相应的业务逻辑。
(5)处理器处理完业务后,会返回一个ModelAndView对象,Model是返回的数据对象,View是个逻辑上的View。
(6)ViewResolver会根据逻辑View查找实际的View。
(7)DispaterServlet把返回的Model传给View。
(8)通过View返回给请求者(浏览器)
4、DispatcherServlet详细解析
首先看下源码:
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package org.springframework.web.servlet;
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@
SuppressWarnings(
"serial")
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public
class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
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public
static
final
String
MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME =
"multipartResolver";
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public
static
final
String
LOCALE_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME =
"localeResolver";
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public
static
final
String
THEME_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME =
"themeResolver";
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public
static
final
String
HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME =
"handlerMapping";
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public
static
final
String
HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME =
"handlerAdapter";
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public
static
final
String
HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME =
"handlerExceptionResolver";
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public
static
final
String
REQUEST_TO_VIEW_NAME_TRANSLATOR_BEAN_NAME =
"viewNameTranslator";
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public
static
final
String
VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME =
"viewResolver";
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public
static
final
String
FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME =
"flashMapManager";
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public
static
final
String
WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".CONTEXT";
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public
static
final
String
LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".LOCALE_RESOLVER";
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public
static
final
String
THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".THEME_RESOLVER";
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public
static
final
String
THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".THEME_SOURCE";
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public
static
final
String
INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".INPUT_FLASH_MAP";
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public
static
final
String
OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP";
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public
static
final
String
FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".FLASH_MAP_MANAGER";
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public
static
final
String
EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE =
DispatcherServlet.
class.getName() +
".EXCEPTION";
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public
static
final
String
PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY =
"org.springframework.web.servlet.PageNotFound";
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private
static
final
String
DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH =
"DispatcherServlet.properties";
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protected
static
final
Log pageNotFoundLogger =
LogFactory.getLog(
PAGE_NOT_FOUND_LOG_CATEGORY);
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private
static
final
Properties defaultStrategies;
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static {
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try {
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ClassPathResource resource = new
ClassPathResource(
DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH,
DispatcherServlet.
class);
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defaultStrategies =
PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
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}
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catch (
IOException ex) {
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throw new
IllegalStateException(
"Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
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}
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}
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/** Detect all HandlerMappings or just expect "handlerMapping" bean? */
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private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings =
true;
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/** Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean? */
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private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters =
true;
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/** Detect all HandlerExceptionResolvers or just expect "handlerExceptionResolver" bean? */
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private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers =
true;
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/** Detect all ViewResolvers or just expect "viewResolver" bean? */
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private boolean detectAllViewResolvers =
true;
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/** Throw a NoHandlerFoundException if no Handler was found to process this request? **/
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private boolean throwExceptionIfNoHandlerFound =
false;
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/** Perform cleanup of request attributes after include request? */
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private boolean cleanupAfterInclude =
true;
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/** MultipartResolver used by this servlet */
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private
MultipartResolver multipartResolver;
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/** LocaleResolver used by this servlet */
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private
LocaleResolver localeResolver;
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/** ThemeResolver used by this servlet */
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private
ThemeResolver themeResolver;
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/** List of HandlerMappings used by this servlet */
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private
List<
HandlerMapping> handlerMappings;
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/** List of HandlerAdapters used by this servlet */
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private
List<
HandlerAdapter> handlerAdapters;
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/** List of HandlerExceptionResolvers used by this servlet */
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private
List<
HandlerExceptionResolver> handlerExceptionResolvers;
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/** RequestToViewNameTranslator used by this servlet */
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private
RequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator;
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private
FlashMapManager flashMapManager;
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/** List of ViewResolvers used by this servlet */
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private
List<
ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
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public
DispatcherServlet() {
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super();
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}
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public DispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext) {
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super(webApplicationContext);
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}
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@
Override
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protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
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initStrategies(context);
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}
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protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
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initMultipartResolver(context);
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initLocaleResolver(context);
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initThemeResolver(context);
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initHandlerMappings(context);
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initHandlerAdapters(context);
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initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
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initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
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initViewResolvers(context);
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initFlashMapManager(context);
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}
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}
DispatcherServlet类中的属性beans:
HandlerMapping:用于handlers映射请求和一系列的对于拦截器的前处理和后处理,大部分用@Controller注解。
HandlerAdapter:帮助DispatcherServlet处理映射请求处理程序的适配器,而不用考虑实际调用的是 哪个处理程序。
HandlerExceptionResolver:处理映射异常。
ViewResolver:根据实际配置解析实际的View类型。
LocaleResolver:解决客户正在使用的区域设置以及可能的时区,以便能够提供国际化视野。
ThemeResolver:解决Web应用程序可以使用的主题,例如提供个性化布局。
MultipartResolver:解析多部分请求,以支持从HTML表单上传文件。
FlashMapManager:存储并检索可用于将一个请求属性传递到另一个请求的input和output的FlashMap,通常用于重定向。
在Web MVC框架中,每个DispatcherServlet都拥自己的WebApplicationContext,它继承了ApplicationContext。WebApplicationContext包含了其上下文和Servlet实例之间共享的所有的基础框架beans。
- HandlerMapping:
HandlerMapping接口处理请求的映射
HandlerMapping接口的实现类:
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping类通过配置文件把URL映射到Controller类。
DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping类通过注解把URL映射到Controller类。
- HandlerAdapter:
HandlerAdapter接口-处理请求映射
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter:通过注解,把请求URL映射到Controller类的方法上。
- HandlerExceptionResolver:
HandlerExceptionResolver接口-异常处理接口
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver通过配置文件进行异常处理。
AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver:通过注解进行异常处理。
- ViewResolver:
ViewResolver接口解析View视图。
UrlBasedViewResolver类 通过配置文件,把一个视图名交给到一个View来处理。
参考资料:http://elf8848.iteye.com/blog/875830
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