共享内存
是被多个进程共享的一部分物理内存.共享内存是进程间共享数据的一种最快的方法,一个进程向共享内存区域写入了数据,共享这个内存区域的所有进程就可以立刻看到其中的内容.
共享内存实现分为两个步骤:
1、创建共享、打开共享内存,使用shmget函数
2、映射共享内存,将这段创建的共享内存映射到具体的进程空间去,使用shmat函数
3、分离共享内存
4、 控制、删除共享内存
函数:int shmget ( key_t key, int size, int shmflg )
key标识共享内存的键值: 0/IPC_PRIVATE。 当key的取值为IPC_PRIVATE,则函数shmget()将创建一块新的共享内存;如果key的取值为0,而参数shmflg中又设置IPC_PRIVATE这个标志,则同样会创建一块新的共享内存。
返回值:如果成功,返回共享内存标识符;如果失败,返回-1
char * shmat ( int shmid, char *shmaddr, int flag)
参数:shmid:shmget函数返回的共享存储标识符
flag:决定以什么方式来确定映射的地址(通常为0)
返回值: 如果成功,则返回共享内存映射到进程中的地址;如果失败,则返回- 1
当一个进程不再需要共享内存时,需要把它从进程地址空间中脱离。
int shmdt ( char *shmaddr )
//#include < stdio.h>
//#include < stdlib.h>
//#include < sys/ipc.h>
//#include < sys/shm.h>
//#include < sys/types.h>
//#include < unistd.h>
//#include < string.h>
//#include < errno.h>
int main()
{
int running = 1;
void shared_memory = (void )0;
struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
int shmid;
/*创建共享内存*/
shmid = shmget((key_t)1234,sizeof(struct shared_use_st),0666|IPC_CREAT);
if(shmid == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"shmget failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/*映射共享内存*/
shared_memory = shmat(shmid,(void *)0,0);
if(shared_memory == (void *)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"shmat failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Memory attached at %X\n",(int)shared_memory);
/*让结构体指针指向这块共享内存*/
shared_stuff = (struct share_use_st *)shared_memory;
/*控制读写顺序*/
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
/*循环的从共享内存中读数据,直到读到“end”为止*/
while(running)
{
if(shared_stuff->written_by_you)
{
printf("You wrote:%s",shared_stuff->some_text);
sleep(1);//读进程睡一秒,同时会导致写进程睡一秒,这样做到读了之后再写
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
if(strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text,"end",3) == 0)
{
running = 0;//结束循环
}
}
}
/*删除共享内存*/
if(shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"shmdt failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
//#include < stdio.h>
//#include < stdlib.h>
//#include < sys/ipc.h>
//#include < sys/shm.h>
//#include < sys/types.h>
//#include < unistd.h>
//#include < string.h>
//#include < errno.h>
int main()
{
int running = 1;
void shared_memory = (void )0;
struct shared_use_st *shared_stuff;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
int shmid;
/*创建共享内存*/
shmid = shmget((key_t)1234,sizeof(struct shared_use_st),0666|IPC_CREAT);
if(shmid == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"shmget failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/*映射共享内存*/
shared_memory = shmat(shmid,(void *)0,0);
if(shared_memory == (void *)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"shmat failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Memory attached at %X\n",(int)shared_memory);
/*让结构体指针指向这块共享内存*/
shared_stuff = (struct share_use_st *)shared_memory;
//shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0;
/*循环的向共享内存中写数据,直到写入的为“end”为止*/
while(running)
{
while(shared_stuff->written_by_you == 1)
{
sleep(1);//等进程读完之后再写
printf("waiting for client...\n");
}
printf("Enter some text:");
fgets(buffer,BUFSIZ,stdin);
strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text,buffer,TEXT_SZ);
shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1;
if(strncmp(buffer,"end",3) == 0)
{
running = 0;//结束循环
}
}
/*删除共享内存*/
if(shmdt(shared_memory) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"shmdt failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}