Python web开发之Django项目开发

一、Python安装

1.Windows安装

Python下载地址

2.Linux安装

yum install python -y    #centos
apt-get install python -y    #Ubuntu
pkg install python -y  #termux

二、django安装

pip install django

三、django项目开发

django项目创建

django-admin startproject mysite    #项目名
cd mysite   #进入目录
tree  #查看文件结构

执行tree后看到文件结构如下:

• manage.py是django管理项目的工具
• setting.py是项目配置文件
• urls.py是项目的路由文件
• wsgi.py是负责服务器通信的文件
• asgi.py是负责服务器通信的文件
• init.py是一个空文件，告诉 Python 该目录是一个 Python 包。
  首次创建完我们需要知道setting.py文件的配置项
  setting.py文件内容如下

"""
Django settings for zgsp project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.1.1.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path   

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-lat18ki_=z%!xk23*g32__gsjug-a5&c_pm=yx31ei&(a+gtr0'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition
### ** 注意这里需要写入你创建的app**
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'zgsp.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'zgsp.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#databases
###  注意这里需要配置你的数据库
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/
##注意这路配置你的语言时间相关
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/static-files/
#注意这里配置你的静态文件目录位置
STATIC_URL = 'static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

创建完项目后需要下一步操作

django启动项目

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000  #ip地址和

启动完我们在浏览器输入本地环回地址127.0.0.1可以看到django页面如下:

django APP创建

python manage.py startapp myapp