Java---泛型---高级应用

泛型的通配符：?

        当操作的不同容器中的类型都不确定的时候，而且使用的都是元素从Object类中继承的方法， 这时泛型就用通配符?来表示即可。（助理解的比方: 泛型中的多态应用)

        

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;

public class GenericAdv1 {
	
	@Test
	public void demo1(){
		List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
		list1.add("aaaa");
		list1.add("bbbb");
		list1.add("cccc");
		
		Iterator<String> it = list1.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()){
			String str = it.next();
			System.out.println(str);
		}
		
		
		List<Integer> list2 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		list2.add(100);
		list2.add(200);
		list2.add(300);
		
		Iterator<Integer> it2 = list2.iterator();
		while(it2.hasNext()){
			Integer i = it2.next();
			System.out.println(i);
		}
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo2(){
		List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
		list1.add("aaaa");
		list1.add("bbbb");
		list1.add("cccc");
		print1(list1);
		
		
		List<Integer> list2 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		list2.add(100);
		list2.add(200);
		list2.add(300);
		
		print2(list2);
		
	}
	public void print1(List<String> list){
		Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()){
			String str = it.next();
			System.out.println(str);
		}
	}
	public void print2(List<Integer> list){
		Iterator<Integer> it = list.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()){
			Integer str = it.next();
			System.out.println(str);
		}
	}
	
	
	///高级泛型/
	@Test
	public void demo3(){
		List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
		list1.add("aaaa");
		list1.add("bbbb");
		list1.add("cccc");
		print(list1);
		
		List<Integer> list2 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		list2.add(100);
		list2.add(200);
		list2.add(300);
		
		print(list2);
	}
	/*写泛型时，想用Object去通吃String、Integer等所有类型。
	 * 想法很好，但行不通。因为这是多态思想，它是处于"编译+运行期"，
	 * 而泛型只处于"编译期"。
	 * 泛型中的该“多态”思想是用通配符“?”来实现的。以后记得：
	 * 泛型中的通吃所有用"?",它类似多态中的"Object"
	 */
	public void print(List<?> list){
		Iterator<?> it = list.iterator();
		while(it.hasNext()){
			Object str = it.next();
			System.out.println(str);
		}
	}
	
}

泛型的限定：

    对操作的类型限制在一个范围之内。比如：定义一个功能，只操作Person类型或者Person的子类型。这时可以用:  
        ? extends E:接收E类型或者E的子类型。这就是上限。
        ? super E:   接收E类型或者E的父类型。 这就是下限。

    一般情况下:
        只要是往容器中添加元素时，使用上限。 ? extends E
        只要是从容器中取出元素时，是用下限。 ? super E

演示过程采用了 7个类：

主类：

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.junit.Test;

public class GenericAdv2 {
	
	@Test
	public void demo1(){
		Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>(); //new TreeSet<Student>();
		students.add( new Student("小王",22,"计算机"));
		students.add( new Student("张三",21,"软件工程"));
		students.add( new Student("李四",23,"外语"));
		students.add( new Student("老王",22,"电子商务"));
		print(students);
		
		Set<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>(); //new TreeSet<Student>();
		workers.add( new Worker("Jack",22,"计算机"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Tom",21,"软件工程"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Mike",23,"外语"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Rose",22,"电子商务"));
		print(workers);
		
		//Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
		//print(set);//编译错误，因为print()方法参数用了“上限”
	}
	
	//本例参数中的泛型限制实参必须是Person的子类---高级泛型中的“上限”
	public void print(Set<? extends Person> set){
		for(Person p:set){
			System.out.println(p.getName()+","+p.getAge());
		}
	}
	
	
	@Test //使用比较器MyCompByName1 + MyCompByName2
	public void demo2(){
		Set<Student> students = new TreeSet<Student>( new MyCompByName1() );
		students.add( new Student("小王",22,"计算机"));
		students.add( new Student("张三",21,"软件工程"));
		students.add( new Student("李四",23,"外语"));
		students.add( new Student("老王",22,"电子商务"));
		print(students);
		
		Set<Worker> workers = new TreeSet<Worker>(  new MyCompByName2() );
		workers.add( new Worker("Jack",22,"计算机"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Tom",21,"软件工程"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Mike",23,"外语"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Rose",22,"电子商务"));
		print(workers);
	}
	
	@Test //使用比较器MyCompByName
	public void demo3(){
		Set<Student> students = new TreeSet<Student>( new MyCompByName() );
		students.add( new Student("小王",22,"计算机"));
		students.add( new Student("张三",21,"软件工程"));
		students.add( new Student("李四",23,"外语"));
		students.add( new Student("老王",22,"电子商务"));
		print(students);
		
		Set<Worker> workers = new TreeSet<Worker>(  new MyCompByName() );
		workers.add( new Worker("Jack",22,"计算机"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Tom",21,"软件工程"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Mike",23,"外语"));
		workers.add( new Worker("Rose",22,"电子商务"));
		print(workers);
	}
	
}

Person类：

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public Person(String name, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + age;
		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
		return result;
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Person other = (Person) obj;
		if (age != other.age)
			return false;
		if (name == null) {
			if (other.name != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
			return false;
		return true;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return name + "," + age;
	}
	
}

Student类：

public class Student extends Person {
	private String speciality;

	public Student(String name, int age, String speciality) {
		super(name, age);
		this.speciality = speciality;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return super.toString() +","+ speciality;
	}
	
}

Worker类：

public class Worker extends Person {
	private String job;

	public Worker(String name, int age, String job) {
		super(name, age);
		this.job = job;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return super.toString() +","+ job;
	}
	
}

MycompByName类：

import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyCompByName implements Comparator<Person>{

	@Override
	public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
		return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
	}

}

MycompByName1类：

import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyCompByName1 implements Comparator<Student>{

	@Override
	public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
		return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
	}

}

MycompByName2类：

import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyCompByName2 implements Comparator<Worker>{

	@Override
	public int compare(Worker o1, Worker o2) {
		return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
	}

}