R语言-因子和有序因子

因子(factor)和有序因子(ordered factor)
因子用来存储类别变量(categorical variables)和有序变量，这类变量不能用来计算而只能用来分类或者计数。
因子表示分类变量，有序因子表示有序变量。
生成因子数据对象的函数是factor(),语法是factor(data, levels, labels, ...)，其中data是数据，levels是因子水平向量，labels是因子的


标签向量。

1、创建一个因子。

> colour <- c('G', 'G', 'R', 'Y', 'G', 'Y', 'Y', 'R', 'Y')
> colour
[1] "G" "G" "R" "Y" "G" "Y" "Y" "R" "Y"
> col <- factor(colour)
> col
[1] G G R Y G Y Y R Y
Levels: G R Y
> col1 <- factor(colour, levels = c('G', 'R', 'Y'), labels = c('Green', 'Red', 'Yellow')) #labels的内容替换colour相应位置对应levels的内容
> col1
[1] Green  Green  Red    Yellow Green  Yellow Yellow Red    Yellow
Levels: Green Red Yellow
> col2 <- factor(colour, levels = c('G', 'R', 'Y'), labels = c('1', '2', '3'))
> col2
[1] 1 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 3
Levels: 1 2 3
> col_vec <- as.vector(col2) #转换成字符向量
> col_vec
[1] "1" "1" "2" "3" "1" "3" "3" "2" "3"
> col_num <- as.numeric(col2) #转换成数字向量
> col_num
[1] 1 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 3
> col3 <- factor(colour, levels = c('G', 'R'))
> col3
[1] G    G    R    <NA> G    <NA> <NA> R    <NA>
Levels: G R

2、创建一个有序因子。

> score <- c('A', 'B', 'A', 'C', 'B')
> score
[1] "A" "B" "A" "C" "B"
> core1 <- ordered(score, levels = c('C', 'B', 'A'))
> core1
[1] A B A C B
Levels: C < B < A

3、用cut()函数将一般的数据转换成因子或有序因子。

> exam <- c(98, 97, 52, 88, 85, 75, 97, 92, 77, 74, 70, 63, 97, 71, 98, 
+   65, 79, 74, 58, 59, 60, 63, 87, 82, 95, 75, 79, 96, 50, 88)
> 
> exam1 <- cut(exam, breaks = 3) #切分成3组
> exam1
 [1] (82,98] (82,98] (50,66] (82,98] (82,98] (66,82] (82,98] (82,98] (66,82]
[10] (66,82] (66,82] (50,66] (82,98] (66,82] (82,98] (50,66] (66,82] (66,82]
[19] (50,66] (50,66] (50,66] (50,66] (82,98] (66,82] (82,98] (66,82] (66,82]
[28] (82,98] (50,66] (82,98]
Levels: (50,66] (66,82] (82,98]
> exam2 <- cut(exam, breaks = c(0, 59, 69, 79, 89, 100))
> exam2
 [1] (89,100] (89,100] (0,59]   (79,89]  (79,89]  (69,79]  (89,100] (89,100]
 [9] (69,79]  (69,79]  (69,79]  (59,69]  (89,100] (69,79]  (89,100] (59,69] 
[17] (69,79]  (69,79]  (0,59]   (0,59]   (59,69]  (59,69]  (79,89]  (79,89] 
[25] (89,100] (69,79]  (69,79]  (89,100] (0,59]   (79,89] 
Levels: (0,59] (59,69] (69,79] (79,89] (89,100]
> attr(exam1, 'levels')
[1] "(50,66]" "(66,82]" "(82,98]"
> attr(exam2, 'levels')
[1] "(0,59]"   "(59,69]"  "(69,79]"  "(79,89]"  "(89,100]"
> attr(exam2, 'class')
[1] "factor"
> 
> ordered(exam2, labels = c('bad', 'ok', 'average', 'good', 'excellent')) #一个有序因子
 [1] excellent excellent bad       good      good      average   excellent
 [8] excellent average   average   average   ok        excellent average  
[15] excellent ok        average   average   bad       bad       ok       
[22] ok        good      good      excellent average   average   excellent
[29] bad       good     
Levels: bad < ok < average < good < excellent