Python学习随记-字符串（一）

字符串

• 字符串是以单引号或双引号括起来的任意文本，例 ‘abc’、”def”。
• 字符串是不可变的。

创建字符串：

str1 = "hello world"

字符串运算：

字符串比较大小：

• 从第一个字符开始比较，谁的ASCII值大谁就大，如果相等会比较下个字符的ASCII值的大小。

字符串连接：

str1 = "you are a "
str2 = "good boy"
str3 = str1 + str2
print("str3 =", str3)
# 结果为：str3 = you are a good boy

输出重复字符串：

str1 = "good boy "
str2 = str1 * 3
print("str3 =", str2)
# 结果为：str3 = good boy good boy good boy

访问字符串中的某一个字符：

• 通过索引下标查询字符，索引从0开始。

str1 = "you are a good boy "
print(str1[10])
# 结果为：g

str1[10] = "a"
print("str1 =", str1)
'''
结果为：
File "Q:/pycharm_project/stringDemo.py", line 4, in <module>
    str1[10] = "a"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
证明：字符串是不可变的。
'''

截取字符串：

str1 = "you are a good boy"
# 从给定下标开始截取到给定下标之前
str2 = str1[10:15]
print("str2 =", str2)

# 从头截取到给定下标之前
str3 = str1[:15]
print("str3 =", str3)

# 从给定下标开始截取到结尾
str4 = str1[15:]
print("str4 =", str4)
str5 = str1[15:25]
print("str5 =", str5)

'''
结果为：
str2 = good 
str3 = you are a good 
str4 = boy
str5 = boy
'''

判断字符串包含关系：

str1 = "you are a good boy"
print("good" in str1)
print("good1" in str1)

print("good" not in str1)
print("good1" not in str1)

'''
结果为：
True
False
False
True
'''

格式化输出：

str1 = "you are a good boy"
num = 10
f1 = 7.8888888

print("str1 =", str1)
print("num =", num)
print("num =", num, "str1 =", str1)

# %d，%s，%f占位符
print("num = %d, str1 = %s, f1 = %f" % (num, str1, f1))
print("num = %d, str1 = %s, f1 = %.3f" % (num, str1, f1))

'''
结果为：
str1 = you are a good boy
num = 10
num = 10 str1 = you are a good boy
num = 10, str1 = you are a good boy, f1 = 7.888889
num = 10, str1 = you are a good boy, f1 = 7.889
'''