centos7单机安装多个mysql8.0

centos7单机安装多个mysql8.0

1. 上传

   下载地址：https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
   上传mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz到服务器指定文件夹，如：/home/mysql
   

2. 解压

   cd /home/mysql
   tar -xvf mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
   

3. 重命名文件夹

   mv mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql3306
   

4. 新建mysql用户、mysql用户组

   cd /home/mysql/mysql3306
   
   #新建mysql用户、mysql用户组，如果之前已经建立过，就不用建立了
   groupadd mysql
   
   #给mysql添加用户为 mysql
   useradd mysql -g mysql
   

5. 在mysql3306下新增文件夹data，var，tmp，binlogs，logs备用

   cd /home/mysql/mysql3306
   mkdir data var tmp binlogs logs
   
   chmod 777 ./tmp
   chmod 777 ./logs
   
   cd /home/mysql/mysql3306/logs
   touch error.log
   

    #将/home/mysql/mysql3306的所有者及所属组改为mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/mysql3306/
   

6. 在/home/mysql/mysql3306/etc下创建数据库配置文件

   cd /home/mysql/mysql3306
   mkdir etc
   

   cd /home/mysql/mysql3306/etc
   touch my.cnf
   vim my.cnf
   
   # my.cnf内容如下：
   
   [mysqld]
   port = 3306
   basedir = /home/mysql/mysql3306
   datadir = /home/mysql/mysql3306/data
   socket = /home/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock
   
   max_connections = 1000
   max_user_connections = 500
   wait_timeout = 200
   default-time-zone = '+8:00'
   thread_cache_size = 64
   max_connect_errors = 10000
   
   server_id = 1 # backup上设置为2、3，主从复制时使用
   log-bin = /home/mysql/mysql3306/binlogs/mysql-bin
   log-bin-index = /home/mysql/mysql3306/binlogs/mysql-bin.index
   binlog-ignore-db = mysql,information_schema #忽略写入binlogs日志的库
   auto-increment-increment = 1 #字段变化增量值
   auto-increment-offset = 1 #初始字段ID为1
   slave-skip-errors = all #忽略所有复制产生的错误
   sync_binlog = 1 #设置为1，是最安全但是性能损耗最大
   
   [client]
   socket = /home/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock
   default-character-set = utf8
   
   [mysqld_safe]
   log-error = /home/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log
   pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql3306/mysql.pid
   

 # my.cnf 升级版内容如下：
[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /home/mysql/mysql3306
datadir = /home/mysql/mysql3306/data
socket = /home/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

group_concat_max_len = 102400

skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking

max_connections = 4000
max_user_connections = 2000
wait_timeout = 28800
#default-time-zone = '+8:00'
default-time-zone = system
thread_cache_size = 64
max_connect_errors = 20000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
# 设置临时表最大值，这是每次连接都会分配，不宜设置过大 max_heap_table_size 和 tmp_table_size 要设置一样大
max_heap_table_size = 64M
tmp_table_size = 64M

server_id = 1 # backup上设置为2、3，主从复制时使用
log-bin = /home/mysql/mysql3306/binlogs/mysql-bin
log-bin-index = /home/mysql/mysql3306/binlogs/mysql-bin.index
binlog-ignore-db = mysql,information_schema #忽略写入binlogs日志的库
auto-increment-increment = 2 #字段变化增量值
auto-increment-offset = 1 #初始字段ID
slave-skip-errors = all #忽略所有复制产生的错误
sync_binlog = 10 #设置为1，是最安全但是性能损耗最大

####  ---------------- Logfile ----------------
log-error = /home/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log
# 开启mysql慢sql的日志
slow_query_log = 1
# 设置慢查询阀值，单位为秒
long_query_time = 3
# 日志输出会写表，也会写日志文件，为了便于程序去统计，所以最好写表
log_output = table,File
# 慢日志存放位置
slow_query_log_file = /home/mysql/mysql3306/logs/slow.log
# 检查未使用到索引的sql
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1

####  ---------------- Session Buffer Cache ----------------
# 每个连接传输数据大小，最大1G，须是1024的倍数，一般设为最大的 BLOG 的值
max_allowed_packet = 32M
# 每个连接都会分配的一些排序、连接等缓冲，一般设置为 4MB 就足够了
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
# 如果是以MyISAM引擎为主，可设置较大，但不能超过4G
key_buffer_size = 4M
# 如果是短连接，适当设置大一点，因为短连接往往需要不停创建，不停销毁，如果大一点，连接线程都处于取用状态，不需要重新创建和销毁，所以对性能肯定是比较大的提升，如果是长连接，可以设置成小一点，一般在50-100左右
thread_cache_size = 64
# 每个连接线程被创建时，MySQL给它分配的内存大小,256k基本够用
thread_stack = 256K

####  ---------------- InnoDB ----------------
#设置事务隔离级别为 READ-COMMITED，提高事务效率，通常都满足事务一致性要求，阿里云默认设置，mysql默认设置Repeatable Read
# transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_open_files = 500
# 如果是专用的DB服务器，且以InnoDB引擎为主的场景，通常可设置物理内存的60%
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size * innodb_buffer_pool_instances * N(N为正整数) 注：根据服务器实际配置修改
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 120G
# 缓冲池实例数，可以设置成和cpu核数一样
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 64
#假设CPU是2颗4核的，且数据库读操作比写操作多，可设置
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
# 回收线程，默认1个
innodb_purge_threads = 4
# 快速预热缓冲池
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
# 调整索引长度限制
#innodb_large_prefix = 1
#innodb_file_format = Barracuda
#innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda
# innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 新版本已移除
# 设置为2，该模式速度较快，也比0安全，只有在操作系统崩溃或者系统断电的情况下，上一秒钟所有事务数据才可能丢失。1最安全
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
# 控制buffer pool中脏页的百分比，默认75，当脏页数量占比超过这个参数设置的值时，InnoDB会启动刷脏页的操作。
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 85
# SQL语句在被回滚前，InnoDB事务等待InnoDB行锁的时间
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
# 设置参数为1启用InnoDB的独立表空间模式，便于管理
innodb_file_per_table = 1
# InnoDB共享表空间初始化大小，默认是 10MB，改成 1GB，并且自动扩展
# innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
# 设置临时表空间最大10G
innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:500M:autoextend:max:10240M
# 启用InnoDB的status file，便于管理员查看以及监控
innodb_status_file = 1

####  ---------------- Redo/Undo ----------------
# InnoDB redo log文件组，通常设置为 2 就足够了
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
# InnoDB的log buffer，通常设置为 64MB 就足够
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
# InnoDB redo log大小，通常设置256MB 就足够
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
# 在日志组中的文件总数
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

[client]
socket = /home/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /home/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error_safe.log
pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql3306/mysql.pid

7. 升级依赖

   yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libaio-devel
   

8. 在mysql3306文件夹下面执行，一定要记录最后生成的初始密码

   cd /home/mysql/mysql3306
   ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/mysql/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
   ./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/mysql/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
   

9. 将support-files下的mysql.server文件内容修改成如下内容：

   cd support-files
   vim mysql.server
   

   #!/bin/sh
   # Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
   # This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind
   
   # MySQL daemon start/stop script.
   
   # Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
   # systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
   # When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
   # started and shut down when the systems goes down.
   
   # Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
   # chkconfig: 2345 64 36
   # description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
   
   # Comments to support LSB init script conventions
   ### BEGIN INIT INFO
   # Provides: mysql
   # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
   # Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
   # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
   # Default-Start:  2 3 4 5
   # Default-Stop: 0 1 6
   # Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
   # Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
   ### END INIT INFO
    
   # If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
   # have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
   #
   # - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
   # - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
   #   [mysqld]
   #   basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
   # - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
   #   and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
   # - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
   #   below.
   #
   # If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
   # in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.
   
   # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
   # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
   
   # 1.这些路径根据实际路径修改
   basedir=/home/mysql/mysql3306
   datadir=/home/mysql/mysql3306/data
   conf=/home/mysql/mysql3306/etc/my.cnf
   
   # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
   # for server start. 
   # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. 
   # 0 means don't wait at all
   # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
   service_startup_timeout=900
   
   # Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
   lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
   lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
   
   # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
   
   # Set some defaults
   mysqld_pid_file_path=
   if test -z "$basedir"
   then
     basedir=/usr/local/mysql
     bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
     if test -z "$datadir"
     then
       datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
     fi
     sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
     libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
   else
     bindir="$basedir/bin"
     if test -z "$datadir"
     then
       datadir="$basedir/data"
     fi
     sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
     libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
   fi
   
   # datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
   # *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
   datadir_set=
   
   #
   # Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
   #
   lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
   if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
     . $lsb_functions
   else
     log_success_msg()
     {
       echo " SUCCESS! $@"
     }
     log_failure_msg()
     {
       echo " ERROR! $@"
     }
   fi
   
   PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
   export PATH
   
   mode=$1    # start or stop
   
   [ $# -ge 1 ] && shift
   
   
   other_args="$*"   # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
              # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
              # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
              # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.
   
   case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
       *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
       *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
       *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\c' ;;
   esac
   
   parse_server_arguments() {
     for arg do
       case "$arg" in
         --basedir=*)  basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
                       bindir="$basedir/bin"
   		    if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
   		      datadir="$basedir/data"
   		    fi
   		    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
   		    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
           ;;
         --datadir=*)  datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
   		    datadir_set=1
   	;;
         --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
         --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
       esac
     done
   }
   
   wait_for_pid () {
     verb="$1"           # created | removed
     pid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
     pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.
   
     i=0
     avoid_race_condition="by checking again"
   
     while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do
   
       case "$verb" in
         'created')
           # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
           test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
           ;;
         'removed')
           # wait for this PID-file to disappear
           test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
           ;;
         *)
           echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
           exit 1
           ;;
       esac
   
       # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
       if test -n "$pid"; then
         if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
           :  # the server still runs
         else
           # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.  
           if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
             avoid_race_condition=""
             continue  # Check again.
           fi
   
           # there's nothing that will affect the file.
           log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
           return 1  # not waiting any more.
         fi
       fi
   
       echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
       i=`expr $i + 1`
       sleep 1
   
     done
   
     if test -z "$i" ; then
       log_success_msg
       return 0
     else
       log_failure_msg
       return 1
     fi
   }
   
   # Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
   # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
   if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults";  then
     print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
   else
     # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
       # 2.注释掉conf=/etc/my.cnf
       # conf=/etc/my.cnf
     print_defaults=
     if test -r $conf
     then
       subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
       dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
       for d in $dirs
       do
         d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ 	]//g'`
         if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
         then
           print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
           break
         fi
       done
     fi
   
     # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
     test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
   fi
   
   #
   # Read defaults file from 'basedir'.   If there is no defaults file there
   # check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
   #
   
   extra_args=""
   if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
   then
     extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
   fi
   # 3.添加extra_args="-c $conf"
   extra_args="-c $conf"
   
   parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`
   
   #
   # Set pid file if not given
   #
   if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
   then
     mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
   else
     case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
       /* ) ;;
       * )  mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
     esac
   fi
   
   case "$mode" in
     'start')
       # Start daemon
   
       # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
       cd $basedir
   
       echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
       if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
       then
         # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
         # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
         # 4.增加配置 --defaults-file="$conf" --user=root 
         $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf" --user=root --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
         wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
   
         # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
         if test -w "$lockdir"
         then
           touch "$lock_file_path"
         fi
   
         exit $return_value
       else
         log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
       fi
       ;;
   
     'stop')
       # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
       # root password.
   
       if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
       then
         # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
         touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"
   
         mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
   
         if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
         then
           echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
           kill $mysqld_pid
           # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
           wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
         else
           log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
           rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
         fi
   
         # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
         if test -f "$lock_file_path"
         then
           rm -f "$lock_file_path"
         fi
         exit $return_value
       else
         log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
       fi
       ;;
   
     'restart')
       # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
       # running or not, start it again.
       if $0 stop  $other_args; then
         $0 start $other_args
       else
         log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
         exit 1
       fi
       ;;
   
     'reload'|'force-reload')
       if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
         read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
         kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
         touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
       else
         log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
         exit 1
       fi
       ;;
     'status')
       # First, check to see if pid file exists
       if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then 
         read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
         if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then 
           log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
           exit 0
         else
           log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
           exit 1
         fi
       else
         # Try to find appropriate mysqld process
         mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`
   
         # test if multiple pids exist
         pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
         if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
           log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
           exit 5
         elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then 
           if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then 
             log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
             exit 2
           fi 
           log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
           exit 3
         else
           log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
           exit 4
         fi
       fi
       ;;
       *)
         # usage
         basename=`basename "$0"`
         echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]"
         exit 1
       ;;
   esac
   
   exit 0
   

10. 修改完mysql.serve，在mysql3306文件夹下面执行

    cd /home/mysql/mysql3306
    support-files/mysql.server start
    #查看是否已经启动
    netstat -ntlp
    #将mysql3306加入服务
    cp /home/mysql/mysql3306/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql3306
    #开机自启
    chkconfig --add mysql3306
    #显示服务列表，如果3,4,5都是开的就说明是自启设置成功
    chkconfig --list
    #重启数据库的命令：
    /etc/init.d/mysql3306 restart
    

11. 访问MySql，重置密码

    #第二个数据库必须使用socket进入，否则默认为第一个数据库。因为配置了全局环境变量
    cd /home/mysql/mysql3306/bin/
    ./mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 --socket=../tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
    
    #输入初始化的密码：a/NRxfzh;87p（上面保存的初始密码）
    alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'suxia@cc2021!';
    flush privileges;
    
    #远程连接用户设置
    use mysql;
    select 'host' from user where user='root';
    update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
    flush privileges;
    select 'host' from user where user='root';
    #退出
    exit
    

12. 开放3306端口

    #查看firewalld状态，如果是dead状态，即防火墙未开启
    systemctl status firewalld
    #开启防火墙
    systemctl start firewalld
    #确认firewalld状态
    systemctl status firewalld
    #关闭
    systemctl stop firewalld
    
    #开放端口
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    firewall-cmd --reload
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
    
    #关闭端口
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=3306/tcp --permanent  
    firewall-cmd --reload
    

13. 远程同步文件

    rsync -av -e 'ssh -p 22' /home/mysql/mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@ip:/home/mysql