Hibernate——关联关系

一、例子介绍

在用hibernate操作数据库的时候（以“学生”和“班级”为例），需要设置其关联关系

二、

基本的配置可以参考博客点击打开链接

（1）Hibernate配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
		"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
    	<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver</property>
    	<!-- 数据库地址 -->
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;DatabaseName=数据库名</property>
    	<!-- 数据库用户名 -->
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.username">用户名</property>
    	<!-- 数据库密码 -->
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.password">密码</property>
    	<!-- 数据库方言 -->
    	<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect</property>
    	
    	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
    	<property name="format_sql">true</property>
    	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    	<!-- 关联映射 -->
    	<mapping resource="Grade.hbm.xml"/>
    	<mapping resource="Student.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory> 	
</hibernate-configuration>

（2）实体类（班级Grade、学生Student）

package entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Grade {
	private int gid;  //班级号
	private String gname;  //班级名
	private String gdesc;  //班级描述
	private Set<Student> students =new HashSet<Student>();  //学生集合
	public int getGid() {
		return gid;
	}
	public void setGid(int gid) {
		this.gid = gid;
	}
	public String getGname() {
		return gname;
	}
	public void setGname(String gname) {
		this.gname = gname;
	}
	public String getGdesc() {
		return gdesc;
	}
	public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {
		this.gdesc = gdesc;
	}
	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
	public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc, Set<Student> students) {
		//super();
		this.gid = gid;
		this.gname = gname;
		this.gdesc = gdesc;
		this.students = students;
	}
	public Grade() {

	}
	
	
}

package entity;

public class Student {
	private int sid;  //学号
	private String sname;  //姓名
	private String sex;   //性别
	private Grade grade;  //所在班级
	
	public Grade getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}
	public void setGrade(Grade grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}
	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Student(int sid, String sname, String sex) {
		//super();
		this.sid = sid;
		this.sname = sname;
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Student() {
		
	}
	
}

（3）关联映射文件

Garde映射文件中，通过set属性来实现一对多的关联关系

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2016-11-11 19:16:11 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="entity.Grade" table="GRADE">
        <id name="gid" type="int">
            <column name="GID" />
            <generator class="increment" />
        </id>
        <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="GNAME" />
        </property>
        <property name="gdesc" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="GDESC" />
        </property>
       		 <!--
			设置多对一的关联关系
			属性inverse 
			属性casecade（all、save-update、delete、none） 表示级联操作，只需要保存班级，也会把相应的班级学生保存起来
		 -->
        <set name="students" table="STUDENT" inverse="true" cascade="save-update">
            <key>
                <column name="GID" />
            </key>
            <one-to-many class="entity.Student" />
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Student映射文件中，通过<many-to-one>属性来设置多对一的关联关系

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2016-11-11 19:16:11 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="entity.Student" table="STUDENT">
        <id name="sid" type="int">
            <column name="SID" />
            <generator class="assigned" />
        </id>
        <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="SNAME" />
        </property>
        <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="SEX" />
        </property>
        <!-- 
		设置一对多的关联关系 
		column属性表示多对一中的外键
		cascade属性表示级联操作，当保存学生时，可以保存学生所在的班级
	-->
        <many-to-one name="grade" class="entity.Grade" column="gid" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

（4）测试类

	//添加
	@Test
	public void saveStudent(){
		Student s1=new Student(1,"张三","男");
		Student s2=new Student(2,"李四","女");
		Grade g=new Grade();
		g.setGname("计算机");
		g.setGdesc("1班");
		
		//设置关联关系
		g.getStudents().add(s1);
		g.getStudents().add(s2);
		s1.setGrade(g);
		s2.setGrade(g);
		
		//session.save(s1);  //当设置了级联操作后，可以省略（当前为：cascade="save-update"）
		//session.save(s2);
		session.save(g);
		transaction.commit();