如何快速学会正则表达式

0x01 前言

今天晚上跟同事聊到正则时，他说他学习正则自毕业后断断续续将近两年才学完，而我花了一个周末的时间便学会了（入门）。这篇文章主要分享一下，我学习正则的过程和方法。（仅适用于小白，大佬勿喷）。 为啥要学习正则？我的感触就是，学会正则可以大幅度提高我们的检索速度和工作效率。废话不多说，让我们开始吧~

0x02 前期准备

教程

• 30分钟入门正则表达式：

https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/regular-expression-30-minutes-tutorial.html

• Regexone:

https://regexone.com/

在线编辑器

• Pythex：Python正则表达式编辑器

速查表

• Python Regular Expression Cheatsheet - Debuggex

其他

保持好奇和信心，保证12小时的完全学习时间（不被外界干扰）。

0x03 基本流程

30分钟入门正则表达式： https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/regular-expression-30-minutes-tutorial.html

[ 1 ] 花30分钟或者更短的时间，去了解正则表达是什么以及它的基本语法。

当然在这个过程中，并不是单纯地走马观花去过一遍就完事。建议快速过一遍的同时，也思考一下其中的例子，并在脑海中记下来。尝试写一些简单的正则表达式，比如电话号码010-12345678，文中的写法是0\d{2}-\d{8}，理解为啥这样写，然后保持继续。

[ 2 ] 基于步骤1，你已经基本了解正则的语法，也会写一些简单的正则了。趁热打铁，刷RegexOne的题（从初级到高级），这个刷题过程大概会花费你2-3小时的时间（甚至更长），遇到问题请不要气馁。忘记了就继续翻笔记或者速查表Python Regular Expression Cheatsheet - Debuggex，当一个个题解决之后，你会非常有成就感，相信我。

[ 3 ] 基于步骤2，你已经入门了，并且能写出很多还算不错的正则。这个时候，你会有一种想法：没错，就是优化。这个优化的过程估计会比上一步耗时会久一些，因为你可能尝试考虑很多种情况，如何精准匹配的同时避免取到脏数据。

[ 4 ] 上步完成之后，接下来就是巩固了。这时候可以尝试找一些网页源代码，或者现有数据，利用 Sublime text 或者在线编辑器Pythex：Python正则表达式编辑器，进行练习。

0x04 几个栗子🌰

1.匹配出代码所有的外部js地址，并分组出所有的⼦集路径及⽂件名。

<script type="text/javascript" nonce="1d0a5dab6547445ea2bc6b7c521" src="//local.adguard.org?ts=1608406868816&amp;type=content-script&amp;dmn=www.shodan.io&amp;app=com.google.Chrome.helper&amp;css=1&amp;js=1&amp;gcss=1&amp;rel=1&amp;rji=1&amp;sbe=0&amp;stealth=1&amp;uag=TW96aWxsYS81LjAgKE1hY2ludG9zaDsgSW50ZWwgTWFjIE9TIFggMTFfMV8wKSBBcHBsZVdlYktpdC81MzcuMzYgKEtIVE1MLCBsaWtlIEdlY2tvKSBDaHJvbWUvODcuMC40MjgwLjg4IFNhZmFyaS81MzcuMzY=&amp;trref=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2hvZGFuLmlvLw=="></script>
<script type="text/javascript" nonce="1d0a5dab6547445ea2bc6b7c521" src="//local.adguard.org?ts=1608406868816&amp;name=AdGuard%20Extra&amp;type=user-script"></script><link rel="search" href="https://static.shodan.io/shodan/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Shodan">

根据题意，我们应该先匹配再分组提取出来。先匹配 <script>标签，我们需要分组出所有的⼦集路径及⽂件名。即引号部分的内容，正则表达式可以写为 <script \w{3}[=]\"(\w{1,})://(.*?)/(\w{1,})/(.*?)/(.*?.js)

2.编写出⼀个身份证正则，要求能正确测试。

简单的可以写为：^([1-9]\d{5}[12]\d{3}(0[1-9]|1[012])(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])\d{3}[0-9Xx]$)

解释一下：懒得解释。

3.分享一个可能是你见过最丑但是最有用的银行卡匹配正则 (超长哦)

^((621096|621098|622150|622151|622181|622188|622199|955100|621095|620062|621285|621798|621799|621797|620529|621622|621599|621674|623218|623219)\d{13}|(62215049|62215050|62215051|62218850|62218851|62218849)\d{11}|(622812|622810|622811|628310|625919)\d{10}|(620200|620302|620402|620403|620404|620406|620407|620409|620410|620411|620412|620502|620503|620405|620408|620512|620602|620604|620607|620611|620612|620704|620706|620707|620708|620709|620710|620609|620712|620713|620714|620802|620711|620904|620905|621001|620902|621103|621105|621106|621107|621102|621203|621204|621205|621206|621207|621208|621209|621210|621302|621303|621202|621305|621306|621307|621309|621311|621313|621211|621315|621304|621402|621404|621405|621406|621407|621408|621409|621410|621502|621317|621511|621602|621603|621604|621605|621608|621609|621610|621611|621612|621613|621614|621615|621616|621617|621607|621606|621804|621807|621813|621814|621817|621901|621904|621905|621906|621907|621908|621909|621910|621911|621912|621913|621915|622002|621903|622004|622005|622006|622007|622008|622010|622011|622012|621914|622015|622016|622003|622018|622019|622020|622102|622103|622104|622105|622013|622111|622114|622017|622110|622303|622304|622305|622306|622307|622308|622309|622314|622315|622317|622302|622402|622403|622404|622313|622504|622505|622509|622513|622517|622502|622604|622605|622606|622510|622703|622715|622806|622902|622903|622706|623002|623006|623008|623011|623012|622904|623015|623100|623202|623301|623400|623500|623602|623803|623901|623014|624100|624200|624301|624402|623700|624000)\d{12}|(622200|622202|622203|622208|621225|620058|621281|900000|621558|621559|621722|621723|620086|621226|621618|620516|621227|621288|621721|900010|623062|621670|621720|621379|621240|621724|621762|621414|621375|622926|622927|622928|622929|622930|622931|621733|621732|621372|621369|621763)\d{13}|(402791|427028|427038|548259|621376|621423|621428|621434|621761|621749|621300|621378|622944|622949|621371|621730|621734|621433|621370|621764|621464|621765|621750|621377|621367|621374|621731|621781)\d{10}|(9558)\d{15}|(370246|370248|370249|370247|370267|374738|374739)\d{9}|(427010|427018|427019|427020|427029|427030|427039|438125|438126|451804|451810|451811|458071|489734|489735|489736|510529|427062|524091|427064|530970|530990|558360|524047|525498|622230|622231|622232|622233|622234|622235|622237|622239|622240|622245|622238|451804|451810|451811|458071|628288|628286|622206|526836|513685|543098|458441|622246|544210|548943|356879|356880|356881|356882|528856|625330|625331|625332|622236|524374|550213|625929|625927|625939|625987|625930|625114|622159|625021|625022|625932|622889|625900|625915|625916|622171|625931|625113|625928|625914|625986|625925|625921|625926|625942|622158|625917|625922|625934|625933|625920|625924|625017|625018|625019)\d{10}|(45806|53098|45806|53098)\d{11}|(622210|622211|622212|622213|622214|622220|622223|622225|622229|622215|622224)\d{10}|(620054|620142|620184|620030|620050|620143|620149|620124|620183|620094|620186|620148|620185)\d{10}|(620114|620187|620046)\d{13}|(622841|622824|622826|622848|620059|621282|622828|622823|621336|621619|622821|622822|622825|622827|622845|622849|623018|623206|621671|622840|622843|622844|622846|622847|620501)\d{13}|(95595|95596|95597|95598|95599)\d{14}|(103)\d{16}|(403361|404117|404118|404119|404120|404121|463758|519412|519413|520082|520083|552599|558730|514027|622836|622837|628268|625996|625998|625997|622838|625336|625826|625827|544243|548478|628269)\d{10}|(622820|622830)\d{10}|(621660|621661|621662|621663|621665|621667|621668|621669|621666|456351|601382|621256|621212|621283|620061|621725|621330|621331|621332|621333|621297|621568|621569|621672|623208|621620|621756|621757|621758|621759|621785|621786|621787|621788|621789|621790|622273|622274|622771|622772|622770|621741|621041)\d{13}|(621293|621294|621342|621343|621364|621394|621648|621248|621215|621249|621231|621638|621334|621395|623040|622348)\d{10}|(625908|625910|625909|356833|356835|409665|409666|409668|409669|409670|409671|409672|512315|512316|512411|512412|514957|409667|438088|552742|553131|514958|622760|628388|518377|622788|628313|628312|622750|622751|625145|622479|622480|622789|625140|622346|622347)\d{10}|(518378|518379|518474|518475|518476|524865|525745|525746|547766|558868|622752|622753|622755|524864|622757|622758|622759|622761|622762|622763|622756|622754|622764|622765|558869|625905|625906|625907|625333)\d{10}|(53591|49102|377677)\d{11}|(620514|620025|620026|620210|620211|620019|620035|620202|620203|620048|620515|920000)\d{10}|(620040|620531|620513|921000|620038)\d{13}|(621284|436742|589970|620060|621081|621467|621598|621621|621700|622280|622700|623211|623668)\d{13}|(421349|434061|434062|524094|526410|552245|621080|621082|621466|621488|621499|622966|622988|622382|621487|621083|621084|620107)\d{10}|(436742193|622280193)\d{10}|(553242)\d{12}|(625362|625363|628316|628317|356896|356899|356895|436718|436738|436745|436748|489592|531693|532450|532458|544887|552801|557080|558895|559051|622166|622168|622708|625964|625965|625966|628266|628366|622381|622675|622676|622677)\d{10}|(5453242|5491031|5544033)\d{11}|(622725|622728|436728|453242|491031|544033|622707|625955|625956)\d{10}|(53242|53243)\d{11}|(622261|622260|622262|621002|621069|621436|621335)\d{13}|(620013)\d{10}|(405512|601428|405512|601428|622258|622259|405512|601428)\d{11}|(49104|53783)\d{11}|(434910|458123|458124|520169|522964|552853|622250|622251|521899|622253|622656|628216|622252|955590|955591|955592|955593|628218|625028|625029)\d{10}|(622254|622255|622256|622257|622284)\d{10}|(620021|620521)\d{13}|(402658|410062|468203|512425|524011|622580|622588|622598|622609|95555|621286|621483|621485|621486|621299)\d{10}|(690755)\d{9}|(690755)\d{12}|(356885|356886|356887|356888|356890|439188|439227|479228|479229|521302|356889|545620|545621|545947|545948|552534|552587|622575|622576|622577|622578|622579|545619|622581|622582|545623|628290|439225|518710|518718|628362|439226|628262|625802|625803)\d{10}|(370285|370286|370287|370289)\d{9}|(620520)\d{13}|(622615|622616|622618|622622|622617|622619|415599|421393|421865|427570|427571|472067|472068|622620)\d{10}|(545392|545393|545431|545447|356859|356857|407405|421869|421870|421871|512466|356856|528948|552288|622600|622601|622602|517636|622621|628258|556610|622603|464580|464581|523952|545217|553161|356858|622623|625912|625913|625911)\d{10}|(377155|377152|377153|377158)\d{9}|(303)\d{13}|(90030)\d{11}|(620535)\d{13}|(620085|622660|622662|622663|622664|622665|622666|622667|622669|622670|622671|622672|622668|622661|622674|622673|620518|621489|621492)\d{10}|(356837|356838|486497|622657|622685|622659|622687|625978|625980|625981|625979|356839|356840|406252|406254|425862|481699|524090|543159|622161|622570|622650|622655|622658|625975|625977|628201|628202|625339|625976)\d{10}|(433670|433680|442729|442730|620082|622690|622691|622692|622696|622698|622998|622999|433671|968807|968808|968809|621771|621767|621768|621770|621772|621773|622453|622456)\d{10}|(622459)\d{11}|(376968|376969|376966)\d{9}|(400360|403391|403392|404158|404159|404171|404172|404173|404174|404157|433667|433668|433669|514906|403393|520108|433666|558916|622678|622679|622680|622688|622689|628206|556617|628209|518212|628208|356390|356391|356392|622916|622918|622919)\d{10}|(622630|622631|622632|622633|999999|621222|623020|623021|623022|623023)\d{10}|(523959|528709|539867|539868|622637|622638|628318|528708|622636|625967|625968|625969)\d{10}|(621626|623058)\d{13}|(602907|622986|622989|622298|627069|627068|627066|627067|412963|415752|415753|622535|622536|622538|622539|998800|412962|622983)\d{10}|(531659|622157|528020|622155|622156|526855|356869|356868|625360|625361|628296|435744|435745|483536|622525|622526|998801|998802)\d{10}|(620010)\d{10}|(438589)\d{12}|(90592)\d{11}|(966666|622909|438588|622908)\d{12}|(461982|486493|486494|486861|523036|451289|527414|528057|622901|622902|622922|628212|451290|524070|625084|625085|625086|625087|548738|549633|552398|625082|625083|625960|625961|625962|625963)\d{10}|(620010)\d{10}|(621050|622172|622985|622987|620522|622267|622278|622279|622468|622892|940021)\d{12}|(438600)\d{10}|(356827|356828|356830|402673|402674|486466|519498|520131|524031|548838|622148|622149|622268|356829|622300|628230|622269|625099|625953)\d{10}|(622516|622517|622518|622521|622522|622523|984301|984303|621352|621793|621795|621796|621351|621390|621792|621791)\d{10}|(84301|84336|84373|84385|84390|87000|87010|87030|87040|84380|84361|87050|84342)\d{11}|(356851|356852|404738|404739|456418|498451|515672|356850|517650|525998|622177|622277|628222|622500|628221|622176|622276|622228|625957|625958|625993|625831)\d{10}|(622520|622519)\d{10}|(620530)\d{13}|(622516|622517|622518|622521|622522|622523|984301|984303|621352|621793|621795|621796|621351|621390|621792|621791)\d{10}|(622568|6858001|6858009|621462)\d{13}|(9111)\d{15}|(406365|406366|428911|436768|436769|436770|487013|491032|491033|491034|491035|491036|491037|491038|436771|518364|520152|520382|541709|541710|548844|552794|493427|622555|622556|622557|622558|622559|622560|528931|558894|625072|625071|628260|628259|625805|625806|625807|625808|625809|625810)\d{10}|(685800|6858000)\d{13}|(621268|622684|622884|621453)\d{10}|(603445|622467|940016|621463)\d{13}|(622449|940051)\d{10}|(622450|628204)\d{10}|(621977)\d{10}|(622868|622899|628255)\d{10}|(622877|622879|621775|623203)\d{13}|(603601|622137|622327|622340|622366)\d{11}|(628251|622651|625828)\d{10}|(621076|622173|622131|621579|622876)\d{13}|(504923|622422|622447|940076)\d{10}|(628210|622283|625902)\d{10}|(621777|622305|621259)\d{10}|(622303|628242|622595|622596)\d{10}|(621279|622281|622316|940022)\d{10}|(621418)\d{13}|(625903|622778|628207|512431|520194|622282|622318)\d{10}|(623111|421317|422161|602969|422160|621030|621420|621468)\d{10}|(522001|622163|622853|628203|622851|622852)\d{10}|(620088|621068|622138|621066|621560)\d{13}|(625526|625186|628336)\d{10}|(622946)\d{10}|(622406|621442)\d{11}|(622407|621443)\d{13}|(622360|622361|625034|625096|625098)\d{10}|(622948|621740|622942|622994)\d{10}|(622482|622483|622484)\d{10}|(621062|621063)\d{10}|(625076|625077|625074|625075|622371|625091)\d{10}|(622933|622938|623031|622943|621411)\d{13}|(622372|622471|622472|622265|622266|625972|625973)\d{10}|(622365)\d{11}|(621469|621625)\d{13}|(622128|622129|623035)\d{10}|(909810|940035|621522|622439)\d{12}|(622328|940062|623038)\d{13}|(625288|625888)\d{10}|(622333|940050)\d{10}|(621439|623010)\d{13}|(622888)\d{10}|(622302)\d{10}|(622477|622509|622510|622362|621018|621518)\d{13}|(622297|621277)\d{10}|(622375|622489)\d{11}|(622293|622295|622296|622373|622451|622294|625940)\d{10}|(622871|622958|622963|622957|622861|622932|622862|621298)\d{10}|(622798|625010|622775|622785)\d{10}|(621016|621015)\d{13}|(622487|622490|622491|622492)\d{10}|(622487|622490|622491|622492|621744|621745|621746|621747)\d{11}|(623078)\d{13}|(622384|940034)\d{11}|(940015|622331)\d{12}|(6091201)\d{11}|(622426|628205)\d{10}|(621019|622309|621019)\d{13}|(6223091100|6223092900|6223093310|6223093320|6223093330|6223093370|6223093380|6223096510|6223097910)\d{9}|(621213|621289|621290|621291|621292|621042|621743)\d{13}|(623041|622351)\d{10}|(625046|625044|625058|622349|622350)\d{10}|(620208|620209|625093|625095)\d{10}|(622393|940023)\d{10}|(6886592)\d{11}|(623019|621600|)\d{13}|(622388)\d{10}|(621267|623063)\d{12}|(620043|)\d{12}|(622865|623131)\d{13}|(940012)\d{10}|(622178|622179|628358)\d{10}|(990027)\d{12}|(622325|623105|623029)\d{10}|(566666)\d{12}|(622455|940039)\d{13}|(623108|623081)\d{10}|(622466|628285)\d{10}|(603708)\d{11}|(622993|623069|623070|623172|623173)\d{13}|(622383|622385|628299)\d{10}|(622498|622499|623000|940046)\d{13}|(622921|628321)\d{10}|(621751|622143|940001|621754)\d{13}|(622476|628278)\d{10}|(622486)\d{10}|(603602|623026|623086)\d{12}|(628291)\d{10}|(622152|622154|622996|622997|940027|622153|622135|621482|621532)\d{13}|(622442)\d{11}|(940053)\d{12}|(622442|623099)\d{13}|(622421)\d{13}|(940056)\d{11}|(96828)\d{11}|(621529|622429|621417|623089|623200)\d{13}|(628214|625529|622428)\d{10}|(9896)\d{12}|(622134|940018|623016)\d{10}|(621577|622425)\d{13}|(940049)\d{12}|(622425)\d{11}|(622139|940040|628263)\d{10}|(621242|621538|621496)\d{13}|(621252|622146|940061|628239)\d{10}|(621419|623170)\d{13}|(62249802|94004602)\d{11}|(621237|623003)\d{13}|(622310|940068)\d{11}|(622817|628287|625959)\d{10}|(62536601)\d{8}|(622427)\d{10}|(940069)\d{11}|(623039)\d{13}|(622321|628273)\d{10}|(625001)\d{10}|(694301)\d{12}|(940071|622368|621446)\d{13}|(625901|622898|622900|628281|628282|622806|628283)\d{10}|(620519)\d{13}|(683970|940074)\d{12}|(622370)\d{13}|(621437)\d{13}|(628319)\d{10}|(622336|621760)\d{11}|(622165)\d{10}|(622315|625950|628295)\d{10}|(621037|621097|621588|622977)\d{13}|(62321601)\d{11}|(622860)\d{10}|(622644|628333)\d{10}|(622478|940013|621495)\d{10}|(625500)\d{10}|(622611|622722|628211|625989)\d{10}|(622717)\d{10}|(628275|622565|622287)\d{10}|(622147|621633)\d{13}|(628252)\d{10}|(623001)\d{10}|(628227)\d{10}|(621456)\d{11}|(621562)\d{13}|(628219)\d{10}|(621037|621097|621588|622977)\d{13}|(62321601)\d{11}|(622475|622860)\d{10}|(625588)\d{10}|(622270|628368|625090|622644|628333)\d{10}|(623088)\d{13}|(622829|628301|622808|628308)\d{10}|(622127|622184|621701|621251|621589|623036)\d{13}|(628232|622802|622290)\d{10}|(622531|622329)\d{13}|(622829|628301)\d{10}|(621578|623066|622452|622324)\d{13}|(622815|622816|628226)\d{10}|(622906|628386|625519|625506)\d{10}|(621592)\d{10}|(628392)\d{10}|(621748)\d{13}|(628271)\d{10}|(621366|621388)\d{13}|(628328)\d{10}|(621239|623068)\d{13}|(621653004)\d{10}|(622169|621519|621539|623090)\d{13}|(621238|620528)\d{13}|(628382|625158)\d{10}|(621004)\d{12}|(628217)\d{10}|(621416)\d{10}|(628217)\d{10}|(622937)\d{13}|(628397)\d{10}|(628229)\d{10}|(622469|628307)\d{10}|(622292|622291|621412)\d{12}|(622880|622881)\d{10}|(62829)\d{10}|(623102)\d{10}|(628234)\d{10}|(628306)\d{10}|(622391|940072)\d{10}|(628391)\d{10}|(622967|940073)\d{13}|(628233)\d{10}|(628257)\d{10}|(621269|622275)\d{10}|(940006)\d{11}|(628305)\d{11}|(622133|621735)\d{13}|(888)\d{13}|(628213)\d{10}|(622990|940003)\d{11}|(628261)\d{10}|(622311|940057)\d{11}|(628311)\d{10}|(622363|940048)\d{13}|(628270)\d{10}|(622398|940054)\d{10}|(940055)\d{11}|(622397)\d{11}|(603367|622878)\d{12}|(622397)\d{11}|(603506)\d{13}|(622399|940043)\d{11}|(622420|940041)\d{11}|(622338)\d{13}|(940032)\d{10}|(622394|940025)\d{10}|(621245)\d{10}|(621328)\d{13}|(621651)\d{13}|(621077)\d{10}|(622409|621441)\d{13}|(622410|621440)\d{11}|(622950|622951)\d{10}|(625026|625024|622376|622378|622377|625092)\d{10}|(622359|940066)\d{13}|(622886)\d{10}|(940008|622379)\d{13}|(628379)\d{10}|(620011|620027|620031|620039|620103|620106|620120|620123|620125|620220|620278|620812|621006|621011|621012|621020|621023|621025|621027|621031|620132|621039|621078|621220|621003)\d{10}|(625003|625011|625012|625020|625023|625025|625027|625031|621032|625039|625078|625079|625103|625106|625006|625112|625120|625123|625125|625127|625131|625032|625139|625178|625179|625220|625320|625111|625132|625244)\d{10}|(622355|623042)\d{10}|(621043|621742)\d{13}|(622352|622353|625048|625053|625060)\d{10}|(620206|620207)\d{10}|(622547|622548|622546)\d{13}|(625198|625196|625147)\d{10}|(620072)\d{13}|(620204|620205)\d{10}|(621064|622941|622974)\d{10}|(622493)\d{10}|(621274|621324)\d{13})$

0x05 总结回顾

其实根据上面一步一步来，你会发现正则表达式其实并没有想像中的那么困难。当然也没那么简单，大概是很容易入门，但是要完全学会真的需要很多时间。同时你也会发现，有些时候你发现特别困难的事情，但是只要逼自己一把，还是能快速完成，学习一门语言就是。所以怕的并不是一路上有多难，而是你从来就不曾开始。