集成电路
- 小规模集成电路 (SSIC):Small Scale Integrated Circuits
- 中规模集成电路 (MSIC):Medium Scale Integrated Circuits
- 大规模集成电路 (LSIC):Large Scale Integrated Circuits
- 超大规模集成电路 (VLSIC):Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits
- 特大规模集成电路 (ULSIC):Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits
- 巨大规模集成电路 (GSIC):Giga Scale Integrated Circuits
- 专用集成电路 (ASIC):Application Specific Integrated Circuits
计算机组成
- 中央处理器(CPU):Central Processing Unit
- 算数逻辑部件(ALU):Arithmetic Logic Unit
- 浮点运算器(FPU):Float Point Unit
- 控制部件(CU):Control Unit
- 通用寄存器(GPR):General Purpose Register
- 指令寄存器(IR):Instruction Register
- 程序计数器(PC):Program Counter
- 主存地址寄存器(MAR):Memory Address Register
- 主存数据寄存器(MDR):Memory Data Register
- 指令译码器(ID):Instruction Decoder
计算机系统层次结构
- 指令集体系结构(ISA):Instruction Set Architecture
- 应用程序编程接口(API):Application Programming Interface
- 应用程序二进制接口(ABI):Application Binary Interface
- 集成开发环境(IDE):Integrated Development Interface
计算机系统性能评价
- 执行一条指令所需时钟周期数(CPI):Cycles Per Instruction
- 每秒执行百万条指令(MIPS):Million Instruction Per Second
- 每秒执行百万次浮点操作(MFLOPS):Million FLoating-point Operations Per Second
计算机指令集
- 复杂指令集计算机(CISC):Complex Instruction Set Computer
- 精简指令集计算机(RISC):Reduced Instruction Set Computer