索引学习

1.聚集索引与非聚集索引
  聚集索引像栈，物理内存存放在栈中，存放是连续的。
  非聚集索引像堆，指针存放在栈中他的指针指向堆中的内存，存放不连续。


2.创建索引
CREATE [UNIQUE][CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED]  INDEX  index_name  
ON {table_name | view_name} [WITH [index_property [,....n]]
3.删除索引
DROP INDEX table_name.index_name[,table_name.index_name]
4.显示索引
Exec sp_helpindex book1;
5.索引使用次数
declare @dbid int
select @dbid = db_id()
select objectname=object_name(s.object_id), s.object_id, indexname=i.name, i.index_id
            , user_seeks, user_scans, user_lookups, user_updates
from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats s,
            sys.indexes i
where database_id = @dbid and objectproperty(s.object_id,'IsUserTable') = 1
and i.object_id = s.object_id
and i.index_id = s.index_id
order by (user_seeks + user_scans + user_lookups + user_updates) asc
6.使用多的索引次数排在前面
SELECT  objects.name ,
        databases.name ,
        indexes.name ,
        user_seeks ,
        user_scans ,
        user_lookups ,
        partition_stats.row_count
FROM    sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats stats
        LEFT JOIN sys.objects objects ON stats.object_id = objects.object_id
        LEFT JOIN sys.databases databases ON databases.database_id = stats.database_id
        LEFT JOIN sys.indexes indexes ON indexes.index_id = stats.index_id
                                        AND stats.object_id = indexes.object_id
        LEFT  JOIN sys.dm_db_partition_stats partition_stats ON stats.object_id = partition_stats.object_id
                                                              AND indexes.index_id = partition_stats.index_id
WHERE   1 = 1
        AND objects.name IS NOT NULL
        AND indexes.name IS NOT NULL
        AND user_scans>0
ORDER BY user_scans DESC ,
        stats.object_id ,
        indexes.index_id
7.索引提高了多少性能
SELECT  
avg_user_impact AS average_improvement_percentage,  
avg_total_user_cost AS average_cost_of_query_without_missing_index,  
'CREATE INDEX ix_' + [statement] +  
ISNULL(equality_columns, '_') + 
ISNULL(inequality_columns, '_') + ' ON ' + [statement] +  
' (' + ISNULL(equality_columns, ' ') +  
ISNULL(inequality_columns, ' ') + ')' +  
ISNULL(' INCLUDE (' + included_columns + ')', '')  
AS create_missing_index_command 
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details a INNER JOIN  
sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups b ON a.index_handle = b.index_handle 
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats c ON  
b.index_group_handle = c.group_handle 
WHERE avg_user_impact > = 40
8.最占用CPU的sql
SELECT TOP 100 execution_count,
           total_logical_reads /execution_count AS [Avg Logical Reads],
           total_elapsed_time /execution_count AS [Avg Elapsed Time],
                db_name(st.dbid) as [database name],
           object_name(st.dbid) as [object name],
           object_name(st.objectid) as [object name 1],
           SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset / 2) + 1, 
           ((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN - 1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset) 
             / 2) + 1) AS statement_text
  FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS st
 WHERE execution_count > 100
 ORDER BY 1 DESC;
9.执行时间最长的sql
SELECT TOP 10 COALESCE(DB_NAME(st.dbid),
DB_NAME(CAST(pa.value as int))+'*',
'Resource') AS DBNAME,
SUBSTRING(text,
-- starting value for substring
        CASE WHEN statement_start_offset = 0
OR statement_start_offset IS NULL
THEN 1
ELSE statement_start_offset/2 + 1 END,
-- ending value for substring
        CASE WHEN statement_end_offset = 0
OR statement_end_offset = -1
OR statement_end_offset IS NULL
THEN LEN(text)
ELSE statement_end_offset/2 END -
CASE WHEN statement_start_offset = 0
OR statement_start_offset IS NULL
THEN 1
ELSE statement_start_offset/2  END + 1
)  AS TSQL,
total_logical_reads/execution_count AS AVG_LOGICAL_READS
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) st
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(plan_handle) pa
WHERE attribute = 'dbid'
ORDER BY AVG_LOGICAL_READS DESC ;
10.缺失索引
SELECT TOP 10
[Total Cost] = ROUND(avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact * (user_seeks + user_scans),0)
, avg_user_impact
, TableName = statement
, [EqualityUsage] = equality_columns
, [InequalityUsage] = inequality_columns
, [Include Cloumns] = included_columns
FROM    sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups g
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats s
ON s.group_handle = g.index_group_handle
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details d
ON d.index_handle = g.index_handle
ORDER BY [Total Cost] DESC;