spring boot 启动详解

spring boot 1.3.2.RELEASE
jdk 1.8

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class FireflyApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FireflyApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Conroller

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String index() {
        return "Hello World " ;
    }
}

SpringApplication类的静态run方法

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) {
        return run(new Object[] { source }, args);
}
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) {
        return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args);
}   

在这个静态方法中，创建SpringApplication对象，并调用该对象的run方法。

构造SpringApplication对象

public SpringApplication(Object... sources) {
        initialize(sources);
}

@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
    if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
        // private final Set<Object> sources = new LinkedHashSet<Object>();
        this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
    }
    //判断是否是web环境
    this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();   
    setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
            ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
    setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
    this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

构造函数中调用initialize方法，初始化SpringApplication对象的成员变量sources，webEnvironment，initializers，listeners，mainApplicationClass。

初始化webEnvironment:

//定义
private boolean webEnvironment;

private static final String[] WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
            "org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };

//初始化赋值
private boolean deduceWebEnvironment() {
    for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) {
    //同时加载 上面两个类成功，才判断是web程序
        if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
//通过制定classLoader 加载className成功，返回true
public static boolean isPresent(String className, ClassLoader classLoader) {
    try {
        forName(className, classLoader);
        return true;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        // Class or one of its dependencies is not present...
        return false;
    }
}

初始化initializers

setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));

//添加到原来集合里面
public void setInitializers(Collection<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> initializers) {
    this.initializers = new ArrayList<ApplicationContextInitializer<?>>();
    this.initializers.addAll(initializers);
}

调用getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class)，来获取ApplicationContextInitializer类型对象的列表。

//通过class获取集合
private <T> Collection<? extends T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
    return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}

//真正执行的方法
private <T> Collection<? extends T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
    //获取当前ClassLoader
    ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
    // Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
    Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<String>(
            SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
    List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
            classLoader, args, names);
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
    return instances;
}

调用SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader)来获取所有Spring Factories的名字，然后调用createSpringFactoriesInstances方法根据读取到的名字创建对象。最后会将创建好的对象列表排序并返回。

/**
* The location to look for factories.
 * <p>Can be present in multiple JAR files.
 */
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";

/**
* Load the fully qualified class names of factory implementations of the
 * given type from {@value #FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION}, using the given
 * class loader.
 * */
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        //获取类名
        String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
        try {
            Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? 
            //使用传进来的classLoader 加载 META-INF/spring.factories
            classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
            //jdk classLoader 的直接加载资源文件
                    ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
            List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
            while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = urls.nextElement();
                //加载配置信息
                Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
                //获取完整类名
                String factoryClassNames = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
                result.addAll(Arrays.asList(
                //将逗号分隔的列表（例如csv文件中的行）转换为字符串数组。
                StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(factoryClassNames)
                ));
            }
            return result;
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load [" + factoryClass.getName() +
                    "] factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
        }
    }

可以看到，是从一个名字叫spring.factories的资源文件中，读取key为org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer的value。
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer
org.springframework.boot.context.web.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

下图画出了加载的ApplicationContextInitializer，并说明了他们的作用。至于何时应用他们，且听后面慢慢分解。

而spring.factories的内容如下：

以下内容摘自spring-boot-1.3.2.RELEASE.jar中的资源文件META-INF/spring.factories

# PropertySource Loaders
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader,\
org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader

# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.web.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener

# Environment Post Processors
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor

接下来会调用createSpringFactoriesInstances来创建ApplicationContextInitializer实例。

List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
                classLoader, args, names);

createSpringFactoriesInstances 详解

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private <T> List<T> createSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes, ClassLoader classLoader, Object[] args,
        Set<String> names) {
    List<T> instances = new ArrayList<T>(names.size());
    for (String name : names) {
        try {
            //当前线程classLoader 依次加载 ApplicationContextInitializer 接口的子类
            Class<?> instanceClass = ClassUtils.forName(name, classLoader);
            //断言，instanceClass 是type ApplicationContextInitializer 的子类
            Assert.isAssignable(type, instanceClass);
            //获取instanceClass的构建器
            Constructor<?> constructor = instanceClass.getConstructor(parameterTypes);
            //通过构造器构造出对象
            T instance = (T) constructor.newInstance(args);
            instances.add(instance);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Cannot instantiate " + type + " : " + name, ex);
        }
    }
    return instances;
}

接下来按照相同的套路 初始化 listeners

setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));

listeners成员变量，是一个ApplicationListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener

下图画出了加载的ApplicationListener，并说明了他们的作用。至于他们何时会被触发，等事件出现时，我们再说明。

最后 ，

this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();

在deduceMainApplicationClass方法中，通过获取当前调用栈，找到入口方法main所在的类，并将其复制给SpringApplication对象的成员变量mainApplicationClass。在我们的例子中mainApplicationClass即是我们自己编写的FireflyApplication类。

private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
    try {
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
        for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
            if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
                return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
            }
        }
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        // Swallow and continue
    }
    return null;
}

SpringApplication对象的run方法

经过上面的初始化过程，我们已经有了一个SpringApplication对象，根据SpringApplication类的静态run方法一节中的分析，接下来会调用SpringApplication对象的run方法。我们接下来就分析这个对象的run方法。

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication

/**
* Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
 * {@link ApplicationContext}.
 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
 * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.started();
    try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                args);
        context = createAndRefreshContext(listeners, applicationArguments);
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        listeners.finished(context, null);
        stopWatch.stop();
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                    .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
        }
        return context;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, listeners, ex);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
}

可变个数参数args即是我们整个应用程序的入口main方法的参数，在我们的例子中，参数个数为零。
StopWatch是来自org.springframework.util的工具类，可以用来方便的记录程序的运行时间。
SpringApplication对象的run方法创建并刷新ApplicationContext，算是开始进入正题了。下面按照执行顺序，介绍该方法所做的工作。

设置headless模式

configureHeadlessProperty();

//SpringApplication 属性
private boolean headless = true;
private static final String SYSTEM_PROPERTY_JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS = "java.awt.headless";

//configureHeadlessProperty()具体实现
private void configureHeadlessProperty() {
        System.setProperty(SYSTEM_PROPERTY_JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS, System.getProperty(
                SYSTEM_PROPERTY_JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS, Boolean.toString(this.headless)));
    }

实际上是就是设置系统属性java.awt.headless，在我们的例子中该属性会被设置为true，因为我们开发的是服务器程序，一般运行在没有显示器和键盘的环境。关于java中的headless模式，更多信息可以参考这里。

SpringApplicationRunListeners

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    ...
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.started();
    /**
         * 创建并刷新ApplicationContext
         * context = createAndRefreshContext(listeners, applicationArguments); 
        **/
    listeners.finished(context, null);
    ...
}

private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
    Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
    return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger, getSpringFactoriesInstances(
            SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}

run方法中，加载了一系列SpringApplicationRunListener对象，在创建和更新ApplicationContext方法前后分别调用了listeners对象的started方法和finished方法, 并在创建和刷新ApplicationContext时，将listeners作为参数传递到了createAndRefreshContext方法中，以便在创建和刷新ApplicationContext的不同阶段，调用listeners的相应方法以执行操作。所以，所谓的SpringApplicationRunListeners实际上就是在SpringApplication对象的run方法执行的不同阶段，去执行一些操作，并且这些操作是可配置的。

同时，可以看到，加载SpringApplicationRunListener时，使用的是跟加载ApplicationContextInitializer和ApplicationListener时一样的方法。那么加载了什么，就可以从spring.factories文件中看到了：

# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

class SpringApplicationRunListeners {

    private final Log log;

    private final List<SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners;

    // 构造器
    SpringApplicationRunListeners(Log log,
            Collection<? extends SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners) {
        this.log = log;
        this.listeners = new ArrayList<SpringApplicationRunListener>(listeners);
    }

    // 子类org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener具体实现 started
    public void started() {
        for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
            listener.started();
        }
    }

    public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
        for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
            listener.environmentPrepared(environment);
        }
    }

    public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
            listener.contextPrepared(context);
        }
    }

    public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
            listener.contextLoaded(context);
        }
    }
  // 子类org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener具体实现 finished
    public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
            callFinishedListener(listener, context, exception);
        }
    }

    private void callFinishedListener(SpringApplicationRunListener listener,
            ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        try {
            listener.finished(context, exception);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            if (exception == null) {
                ReflectionUtils.rethrowRuntimeException(ex);
            }
            if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                this.log.error("Error handling failed", ex);
            }
            else {
                String message = ex.getMessage();
                message = (message == null ? "no error message" : message);
                this.log.warn("Error handling failed (" + message + ")");
            }
        }
    }

}

接下来看org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener
started，finished 具体实现

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

// 其中getRunListeners(String[] args) 方法中指定了构造器参数
// Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
public EventPublishingRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args) {
    this.application = application;
    this.args = args;
    this.multicaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster();
    for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : application.getListeners()) {
        this.multicaster.addApplicationListener(listener);
    }
 }
    //本质上调用了this.multicaster.multicastEvent(event);
    @Override
    public void started() {
        publishEvent(new ApplicationStartedEvent(this.application, this.args));
    }
   @Override
    public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
        publishEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args,
                environment));
    }

    @Override
    public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        registerApplicationEventMulticaster(context);
    }

    private void registerApplicationEventMulticaster(
            ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton(
                AbstractApplicationContext.APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME,
                this.multicaster);
        if (this.multicaster instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
            ((BeanFactoryAware) this.multicaster)
                    .setBeanFactory(context.getBeanFactory());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : this.application.getListeners()) {
            if (listener instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {
                ((ApplicationContextAware) listener).setApplicationContext(context);
            }
            context.addApplicationListener(listener);
        }
        publishEvent(new ApplicationPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
    }

    @Override
    public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        publishEvent(getFinishedEvent(context, exception));
    }

    private SpringApplicationEvent getFinishedEvent(
            ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        if (exception != null) {
            return new ApplicationFailedEvent(this.application, this.args, context,
                    exception);
        }
        return new ApplicationReadyEvent(this.application, this.args, context);
    }

    private void publishEvent(SpringApplicationEvent event) {
        this.multicaster.multicastEvent(event);
    }
}

EventPublishingRunListener在对象初始化时，将SpringApplication对象的成员变量listeners全都保存下来，然后在自己的public方法被调用时，发布相应的事件，或执行相应的操作。可以说这个RunListener是在SpringApplication对象的run方法执行到不同的阶段时，发布相应的event给SpringApplication对象的成员变量listeners中记录的事件监听器。

接下来看一下 SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster（）的multicastEvent方法

public class SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster extends AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster {

    private Executor taskExecutor;

    private ErrorHandler errorHandler;


    /**
     * Create a new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.
     */
    public SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster() {
    }

    /**
     * Create a new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster for the given BeanFactory.
     */
    public SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    }

    public void setTaskExecutor(Executor taskExecutor) {
        this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current task executor for this multicaster.
     */
    protected Executor getTaskExecutor() {
        return this.taskExecutor;
    }


    public void setErrorHandler(ErrorHandler errorHandler) {
        this.errorHandler = errorHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Return the current error handler for this multicaster.
     * @since 4.1
     */
    protected ErrorHandler getErrorHandler() {
        return this.errorHandler;
    }


    @Override
    public void multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
        multicastEvent(event, resolveDefaultEventType(event));
    }

    //实质上调用的就是这个方法
    @Override
    public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) {
        //解析event 是 ApplicationEvent接口的具体那种实现
        ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
        for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : 
        //获取所有ApplicationListener 实例
        getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
            Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
            if (executor != null) {
                executor.execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        //执行对应的函数
                        invokeListener(listener, event);
                    }
                });
            }
            else {
                invokeListener(listener, event);
            }
        }
    }

    private ResolvableType resolveDefaultEventType(ApplicationEvent event) {
        return ResolvableType.forInstance(event);
    }

    /**
     * Invoke the given listener with the given event.
     * @param listener the ApplicationListener to invoke
     * @param event the current event to propagate
     * @since 4.1
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
    protected void invokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
        ErrorHandler errorHandler = getErrorHandler();
        if (errorHandler != null) {
            try {
                listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
            }
            catch (Throwable err) {
                errorHandler.handleError(err);
            }
        }
        else {
            listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
        }
    }

}

摘自AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster

final Map<ListenerCacheKey, ListenerRetriever> retrieverCache =
            new ConcurrentHashMap<ListenerCacheKey, ListenerRetriever>(64); 

private Object retrievalMutex = this.defaultRetriever;
private final ListenerRetriever defaultRetriever = new ListenerRetriever(false);

/*
        ListenerRetriever 属性 以及 构造器
        public final Set<ApplicationListener<?>> applicationListeners;
        public final Set<String> applicationListenerBeans;
        private final boolean preFiltered;
        public ListenerRetriever(boolean preFiltered) {
            this.applicationListeners = new LinkedHashSet<ApplicationListener<?>>();
            this.applicationListenerBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
            this.preFiltered = preFiltered;
        }
*/

/**
     * Return a Collection of ApplicationListeners matching the given
     * event type. Non-matching listeners get excluded early.
     * @param event the event to be propagated. Allows for excluding
     * non-matching listeners early, based on cached matching information.
     * @param eventType the event type
     * @return a Collection of ApplicationListeners
     * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener
     */
    protected Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> getApplicationListeners(
            ApplicationEvent event, ResolvableType eventType) {

        Object source = event.getSource();
        Class<?> sourceType = (source != null ? source.getClass() : null);
        ListenerCacheKey cacheKey = new ListenerCacheKey(eventType, sourceType);

        // Quick check for existing entry on ConcurrentHashMap...
        //检查是否已经初始化过了，初始化过了，直接返回
        ListenerRetriever retriever = this.retrieverCache.get(cacheKey);
        if (retriever != null) {
            return retriever.getApplicationListeners();
        }

        if (this.beanClassLoader == null ||
                (ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(event.getClass(), this.beanClassLoader) &&
                        (sourceType == null || ClassUtils.isCacheSafe(sourceType, this.beanClassLoader)))) {
            // Fully synchronized building and caching of a ListenerRetriever
            //同步缓存 
            synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
                retriever = this.retrieverCache.get(cacheKey);
                if (retriever != null) {
                    return retriever.getApplicationListeners();
                }
                retriever = new ListenerRetriever(true);
                Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> listeners =
                        retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, retriever);
                this.retrieverCache.put(cacheKey, retriever);
                return listeners;
            }
        }
        else {
            // No ListenerRetriever caching -> no synchronization necessary
            return retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, null);
        }
    }

retrieveApplicationListeners(eventType, sourceType, retriever);

摘自AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster

private Collection<ApplicationListener<?>> retrieveApplicationListeners(
            ResolvableType eventType, Class<?> sourceType, ListenerRetriever retriever) {

        LinkedList<ApplicationListener<?>> allListeners = new LinkedList<ApplicationListener<?>>();
        Set<ApplicationListener<?>> listeners;
        Set<String> listenerBeans;
        synchronized (this.retrievalMutex) {
            //初始化是把 所有的listeners 都赋给了multicaster
            listeners = new LinkedHashSet<ApplicationListener<?>>(this.defaultRetriever.applicationListeners);
            listenerBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(this.defaultRetriever.applicationListenerBeans);
        }
        for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : listeners) {
            if (supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) {
                if (retriever != null) {
                    retriever.applicationListeners.add(listener);
                }
                allListeners.add(listener);
            }
        }
        if (!listenerBeans.isEmpty()) {
            BeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
            for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeans) {
                try {
                    Class<?> listenerType = beanFactory.getType(listenerBeanName);
                    if (listenerType == null || supportsEvent(listenerType, eventType)) {
                        ApplicationListener<?> listener =
                                beanFactory.getBean(listenerBeanName, ApplicationListener.class);
                        if (!allListeners.contains(listener) && supportsEvent(listener, eventType, sourceType)) {
                            if (retriever != null) {
                                retriever.applicationListenerBeans.add(listenerBeanName);
                            }
                            allListeners.add(listener);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                    // Singleton listener instance (without backing bean definition) disappeared -
                    // probably in the middle of the destruction phase
                }
            }
        }
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(allListeners);
        return allListeners;
    }

下图画出了SpringApplicationRunListeners相关的类结构，虽然我们的例子中只有一个SpringApplicationRunListener，但在这样的设计下，想要扩展是非常容易的！

接下来，我们看一下在调用listeners的started方法。在我们的例子中，也就是发布了ApplicationStartedEvent时，我们已经加载的事件监听器都做了什么操作。至于其它事件的发布，我们按照代码执行的顺序在后面的章节在介绍。

ParentContextCloserApplicationListener不监听ApplicationStartedEvent，没有操作；
FileEncodingApplicationListener不监听ApplicationStartedEvent，没有操作；
AnsiOutputApplicationListener不监听ApplicationStartedEvent，没有操作；
ConfigFileApplicationListener不监听ApplicationStartedEvent，没有操作；
DelegatingApplicationListener不监听ApplicationStartedEvent，没有操作；
LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener监听ApplicationStartedEvent，会检查classpath中是否有liquibase.servicelocator.ServiceLocator并做相应操作；

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationStartedEvent event) {
    if (ClassUtils.isPresent("liquibase.servicelocator.ServiceLocator", null)) {
        new LiquibasePresent().replaceServiceLocator();
    }
}

我们的例子中，classpath中不存在liquibase，所以不执行任何操作。

ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener监听ApplicationStartedEvent，会打印classpath到debug日志；

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    if (event instanceof ApplicationStartedEvent) {
        if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            this.logger.debug("Application started with classpath: " + getClasspath());
    }
    ...
}

private String getClasspath() {
    ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
    if (classLoader instanceof URLClassLoader) {
        return Arrays.toString(((URLClassLoader) classLoader).getURLs());
    }
    return "unknown";
}

因为是debug级别的日志，而SpringBoot的默认日志级别是info级，所以我们在控制台不会看到classpath的输出。

LoggingApplicationListener监听ApplicationStartedEvent，会根据classpath中的类情况创建相应的日志系统对象，并执行一些初始化之前的操作；

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    if (event instanceof ApplicationStartedEvent) {
        onApplicationStartedEvent((ApplicationStartedEvent) event);
    }
    ...
}

private void onApplicationStartedEvent(ApplicationStartedEvent event) {
    this.loggingSystem = LoggingSystem
            .get(event.getSpringApplication().getClassLoader());
    this.loggingSystem.beforeInitialize();
}

我们的例子中，创建的是org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.LogbackLoggingSystem类的对象，Logback是SpringBoot默认采用的日志系统。下图画出了SpringBoot中的日志系统体系：

好了，ApplicationStartedEvent事件的处理这样就结束了。以后在介绍事件处理的时候，我们只介绍监听该事件的监听器的操作，而不监听的，就不再说明了。

创建并刷新ApplicationContext

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    ...
    try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                args);
        context = createAndRefreshContext(listeners, applicationArguments);
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        ...
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, listeners, ex);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
}

首先是创建一个DefaultApplicationArguments对象，之后调用createAndRefreshContext方法创建并刷新一个ApplicationContext，最后调用afterRefresh方法在刷新之后做一些操作。

先来看看DefaultApplicationArguments吧：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.DefaultApplicationArguments

DefaultApplicationArguments(String[] args) {
    Assert.notNull(args, "Args must not be null");
    this.source = new Source(args);
    this.args = args;
}

private static class Source extends SimpleCommandLinePropertySource {

    Source(String[] args) {
        super(args);
    }
    ...
}

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.core.env.SimpleCommandLinePropertySource

public SimpleCommandLinePropertySource(String... args) {
    super(new SimpleCommandLineArgsParser().parse(args));
}

可以看到是把main函数的args参数当做一个PropertySource来解析。我们的例子中，args的长度为0，所以这里创建的DefaultApplicationArguments也没有实际的内容。

创建并配置ApplicationConext的Environment

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication

private ConfigurableEnvironment environment;

private boolean webEnvironment;

private ConfigurableApplicationContext createAndRefreshContext(
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context;

    // 创建并配置Environment
    ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
    configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
    listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
    if (isWebEnvironment(environment) && !this.webEnvironment) {
        environment = convertToStandardEnvironment(environment);
    }

    ...

    return context;
}

private ConfigurableEnvironment getOrCreateEnvironment() {
    if (this.environment != null) {
        return this.environment;
    }
    if (this.webEnvironment) {
        return new StandardServletEnvironment();
    }
    return new StandardEnvironment();
}

Spring Application的Environment代表着程序运行的环境，主要包含了两种信息，一种是profiles，用来描述哪些bean definitions是可用的；一种是properties，用来描述系统的配置，其来源可能是配置文件、JVM属性文件、操作系统环境变量等等。

首先要调用getOrCreateEnvironment方法获取一个Environment对象。在我们的例子中，执行到此处时，environment成员变量为null，而webEnvironment成员变量的值为true，所以会创建一个StandardServletEnvironment对象并返回。

之后是调用configureEnvironment方法来配置上一步获取的Environment对象，代码如下：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication

private Map<String, Object> defaultProperties;

private boolean addCommandLineProperties = true;

private Set<String> additionalProfiles = new HashSet<String>();

protected void configureEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
        String[] args) {
    configurePropertySources(environment, args);
    configureProfiles(environment, args);
}

protected void configurePropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
        String[] args) {
    MutablePropertySources sources = environment.getPropertySources();
    if (this.defaultProperties != null && !this.defaultProperties.isEmpty()) {
        sources.addLast(
                new MapPropertySource("defaultProperties", this.defaultProperties));
    }
    if (this.addCommandLineProperties && args.length > 0) {
        String name = CommandLinePropertySource.COMMAND_LINE_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME;
        if (sources.contains(name)) {
            PropertySource<?> source = sources.get(name);
            CompositePropertySource composite = new CompositePropertySource(name);
            composite.addPropertySource(new SimpleCommandLinePropertySource(
                    name + "-" + args.hashCode(), args));
            composite.addPropertySource(source);
            sources.replace(name, composite);
        }
        else {
            sources.addFirst(new SimpleCommandLinePropertySource(args));
        }
    }
}

protected void configureProfiles(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, String[] args) {
    environment.getActiveProfiles(); // ensure they are initialized
    // But these ones should go first (last wins in a property key clash)
    Set<String> profiles = new LinkedHashSet<String>(this.additionalProfiles);
    profiles.addAll(Arrays.asList(environment.getActiveProfiles()));
    environment.setActiveProfiles(profiles.toArray(new String[profiles.size()]));
}

configureEnvironment方法先是调用configurePropertySources来配置properties，然后调用configureProfiles来配置profiles。

configurePropertySources首先查看SpringApplication对象的成员变量defaultProperties，如果该变量非null且内容非空，则将其加入到Environment的PropertySource列表的最后。然后查看SpringApplication对象的成员变量addCommandLineProperties和main函数的参数args，如果设置了addCommandLineProperties=true，且args个数大于0，那么就构造一个由main函数的参数组成的PropertySource放到Environment的PropertySource列表的最前面(这就能保证，我们通过main函数的参数来做的配置是最优先的，可以覆盖其他配置）。在我们的例子中，由于没有配置defaultProperties且main函数的参数args个数为0，所以这个函数什么也不做。

configureProfiles首先会读取Properties中key为spring.profiles.active的配置项，配置到Environment，然后再将SpringApplication对象的成员变量additionalProfiles加入到Environment的active profiles配置中。在我们的例子中，配置文件里没有spring.profiles.active的配置项，而SpringApplication对象的成员变量additionalProfiles也是一个空的集合，所以这个函数没有配置任何active profile。

到现在，Environment就算是配置完成了。接下来调用SpringApplicationRunListeners类的对象listeners发布ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

@Override
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
    publishEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args,
            environment));
}

好，现在来看一看我们加载的ApplicationListener对象都有哪些响应了这个事件，做了什么操作：

FileEncodingApplicationListener响应该事件，检查file.encoding配置是否与spring.mandatory_file_encoding一致：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
    RelaxedPropertyResolver resolver = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(
            event.getEnvironment(), "spring.");
    if (resolver.containsProperty("mandatoryFileEncoding")) {
        String encoding = System.getProperty("file.encoding");
        String desired = resolver.getProperty("mandatoryFileEncoding");
        if (encoding != null && !desired.equalsIgnoreCase(encoding)) {
            logger.error("System property 'file.encoding' is currently '" + encoding
                    + "'. It should be '" + desired
                    + "' (as defined in 'spring.mandatoryFileEncoding').");
            logger.error("Environment variable LANG is '" + System.getenv("LANG")
                    + "'. You could use a locale setting that matches encoding='"
                    + desired + "'.");
            logger.error("Environment variable LC_ALL is '" + System.getenv("LC_ALL")
                    + "'. You could use a locale setting that matches encoding='"
                    + desired + "'.");
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "The Java Virtual Machine has not been configured to use the "
                            + "desired default character encoding (" + desired
                            + ").");
        }
    }
}

在我们的例子中，因为没有spring.mandatory_file_encoding的配置，所以这个响应方法什么都不做。

AnsiOutputApplicationListener响应该事件，根据spring.output.ansi.enabled和spring.output.ansi.console-available对AnsiOutput类做相应配置:

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
    RelaxedPropertyResolver resolver = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(
            event.getEnvironment(), "spring.output.ansi.");
    if (resolver.containsProperty("enabled")) {
        String enabled = resolver.getProperty("enabled");
        AnsiOutput.setEnabled(Enum.valueOf(Enabled.class, enabled.toUpperCase()));
    }

    if (resolver.containsProperty("console-available")) {
        AnsiOutput.setConsoleAvailable(
                resolver.getProperty("console-available", Boolean.class));
    }
}

我们的例子中，这两项配置都是空的，所以这个响应方法什么都不做。

ConfigFileApplicationListener加载该事件，从一些约定的位置加载一些配置文件，而且这些位置是可配置的。

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    if (event instanceof ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) {
        onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
                (ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) event);
    }
    if (event instanceof ApplicationPreparedEvent) {
        onApplicationPreparedEvent(event);
    }
}

private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
        ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
    List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> postProcessors = loadPostProcessors();
    postProcessors.add(this);
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(postProcessors);
    for (EnvironmentPostProcessor postProcessor : postProcessors) {
        postProcessor.postProcessEnvironment(event.getEnvironment(),
                event.getSpringApplication());
    }
}

List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> loadPostProcessors() {
    return SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(EnvironmentPostProcessor.class,
            getClass().getClassLoader());
}


以下内容摘自spring-boot-1.3.3.RELEASE.jar中的资源文件META-INF/spring.factories

# Environment Post Processors
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor

可以看到，ConfigFileApplicationListener从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取EnvironmentPostProcessor配置，加载相应的EnvironmentPostProcessor类的对象，并调用其postProcessEnvironment方法。在我们的例子中，会加载CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor和SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor并执行，由于我们的例子中没有CloudFoundry和Json的配置，所以这个响应，不会加载任何的配置文件到Environment中来。

DelegatingApplicationListener响应该事件，将配置文件中key为context.listener.classes的配置项，加载在成员变量multicaster中：

以下内容摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener

private static final String PROPERTY_NAME = "context.listener.classes";

private SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster multicaster;

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    if (event instanceof ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) {
        List<ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>> delegates = getListeners(
                ((ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) event).getEnvironment());
        if (delegates.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        this.multicaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster();
        for (ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent> listener : delegates) {
            this.multicaster.addApplicationListener(listener);
        }
    }
    if (this.multicaster != null) {
        this.multicaster.multicastEvent(event);
    }
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private List<ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>> getListeners(
        ConfigurableEnvironment env) {
    String classNames = env.getProperty(PROPERTY_NAME);
    List<ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>> listeners = new ArrayList<ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>>();
    if (StringUtils.hasLength(classNames)) {
        for (String className : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToSet(classNames)) {
            try {
                Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className,
                        ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
                Assert.isAssignable(ApplicationListener.class, clazz, "class ["
                        + className + "] must implement ApplicationListener");
                listeners.add((ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent>) BeanUtils
                        .instantiateClass(clazz));
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                throw new ApplicationContextException(
                        "Failed to load context listener class [" + className + "]",
                        ex);
            }
        }
    }
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(listeners);
    return listeners;
}

我们的例子中，因为没有key为context.listener.classes的Property，所以不会加载任何listener到该监听器中。

LoggingApplicationListener响应该事件，并对在ApplicationStarted时加载的LoggingSystem做一些初始化工作：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingApplicationListener

@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    if (event instanceof ApplicationStartedEvent) {
        onApplicationStartedEvent((ApplicationStartedEvent) event);
    }
    else if (event instanceof ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) {
        onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
                (ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) event);
    }
    else if (event instanceof ApplicationPreparedEvent) {
        onApplicationPreparedEvent((ApplicationPreparedEvent) event);
    }
    else if (event instanceof ContextClosedEvent && ((ContextClosedEvent) event)
            .getApplicationContext().getParent() == null) {
        onContextClosedEvent();
    }
}

private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
        ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
    if (this.loggingSystem == null) {
        this.loggingSystem = LoggingSystem
                .get(event.getSpringApplication().getClassLoader());
    }
    initialize(event.getEnvironment(), event.getSpringApplication().getClassLoader());
}

protected void initialize(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
        ClassLoader classLoader) {
    LogFile logFile = LogFile.get(environment);
    setSystemProperties(environment, logFile);
    initializeEarlyLoggingLevel(environment);
    initializeSystem(environment, this.loggingSystem, logFile);
    initializeFinalLoggingLevels(environment, this.loggingSystem);
    registerShutdownHookIfNecessary(environment, this.loggingSystem);
}

在我们的例子中，是对加载的LogbackLoggingSystem做一些初始化工作。关于日志系统更详细的讨论，值得再写一篇文章，就不在这里展开讨论了。

打印banner

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication

private Banner banner;

private Banner.Mode bannerMode = Banner.Mode.CONSOLE;

public static final String BANNER_LOCATION_PROPERTY = "banner.location";

public static final String BANNER_LOCATION_PROPERTY_VALUE = "banner.txt";

private static final Banner DEFAULT_BANNER = new SpringBootBanner();


private ConfigurableApplicationContext createAndRefreshContext(
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {

    ...
    if (this.bannerMode != Banner.Mode.OFF) {
        printBanner(environment);
    }
    ...
}

protected void printBanner(Environment environment) {
    Banner selectedBanner = selectBanner(environment);
    if (this.bannerMode == Banner.Mode.LOG) {
        try {
            logger.info(createStringFromBanner(selectedBanner, environment));
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
            logger.warn("Failed to create String for banner", ex);
        }
    }
    else {
        selectedBanner.printBanner(environment, this.mainApplicationClass,
                System.out);
    }
}

private Banner selectBanner(Environment environment) {
    String location = environment.getProperty(BANNER_LOCATION_PROPERTY,
            BANNER_LOCATION_PROPERTY_VALUE);
    ResourceLoader resourceLoader = this.resourceLoader != null ? this.resourceLoader
            : new DefaultResourceLoader(getClassLoader());
    Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource(location);
    if (resource.exists()) {
        return new ResourceBanner(resource);
    }
    if (this.banner != null) {
        return this.banner;
    }
    return DEFAULT_BANNER;
}

private String createStringFromBanner(Banner banner, Environment environment)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    banner.printBanner(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, new PrintStream(baos));
    String charset = environment.getProperty("banner.charset", "UTF-8");
    return baos.toString(charset);
}

printBanner方法中，首先会调用selectBanner方法得到一个banner对象，然后判断bannerMode的类型，如果是Banner.Mode.LOG，那么将banner对象转换为字符串，打印一条info日志，否则的话，调用banner对象的printbanner方法，将banner打印到标准输出System.out。

在我们的例子中，bannerMode是Banner.Mode.Console，而且也不曾提供过banner.txt这样的资源文件。所以selectBanner方法中得到到便是默认的banner对象，即SpringBootBanner类的对象：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.SpringBootBanner

private static final String[] BANNER = { "",
        "  .   ____          _            __ _ _",
        " /\\\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \\ \\ \\ \\",
        "( ( )\\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \\/ _` | \\ \\ \\ \\",
        " \\\\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )",
        "  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\\__, | / / / /",
        " =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/" };

private static final String SPRING_BOOT = " :: Spring Boot :: ";

private static final int STRAP_LINE_SIZE = 42;

@Override
public void printBanner(Environment environment, Class<?> sourceClass,
        PrintStream printStream) {
    for (String line : BANNER) {
        printStream.println(line);
    }
    String version = SpringBootVersion.getVersion();
    version = (version == null ? "" : " (v" + version + ")");
    String padding = "";
    while (padding.length() < STRAP_LINE_SIZE
            - (version.length() + SPRING_BOOT.length())) {
        padding += " ";
    }

    printStream.println(AnsiOutput.toString(AnsiColor.GREEN, SPRING_BOOT,
            AnsiColor.DEFAULT, padding, AnsiStyle.FAINT, version));
    printStream.println();
}

先打印个Spring的图形，然后打印个Spring Boot的文本，再然后打印一下Spring Boot的版本。会在控制台看到如下输出：

以下内容是程序启动后在console的输出：

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.3.3.RELEASE)

创建ApplicationContext

private Class<? extends ConfigurableApplicationContext> applicationContextClass;

public static final String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.context."
        + "annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext";

public static final String DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
        + "boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext";

private ConfigurableApplicationContext createAndRefreshContext(
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context;

    ...

    context = createApplicationContext();
    context.setEnvironment(environment);
    postProcessApplicationContext(context);
    applyInitializers(context);
    listeners.contextPrepared(context);
    if (this.logStartupInfo) {
        logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
        logStartupProfileInfo(context);
    }

    ...

    return context;
}


protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
    Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
    if (contextClass == null) {
        try {
            contextClass = Class.forName(this.webEnvironment
                    ? DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS : DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
                            + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
                    ex);
        }
    }
    return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiate(contextClass);
}

createAndRefreshContext中调用createApplicationContext获取创建ApplicationContext，可以看到，当检测到本次程序是一个web应用程序（成员变量webEnvironment为true）的时候，就加载类DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS，否则的话加载DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS。我们的例子是一个web应用程序，所以会加载DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS，也就是org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext。我们先来看一看这个AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext具体有什么功能。下图画出了它的继承体系。

可以看到我们加载的这个AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext类，从名字就可以看出来，首先是一个WebApplicationContext实现了WebApplicationContext接口，然后是一个EmbeddedWebApplicationContext，这意味着它会自动创建并初始化一个EmbeddedServletContainer，同时还支持AnnotationConfig，会将使用注解标注的bean注册到ApplicationContext中。更详细的过程，后面在例子中再一一剖析。

可以看到在加载类对象AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext之后，createApplicationContext方法中紧接着调用BeanUtils的instantiate方法来创建ApplicationContext对象，其代码如下：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils

public static <T> T instantiate(Class<T> clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException {
    Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
    if (clazz.isInterface()) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
    }
    try {
        return clazz.newInstance();
    }
    catch (InstantiationException ex) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Is it an abstract class?", ex);
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Is the constructor accessible?", ex);
    }
}

通过调用Class对象的newInstance()方法来实例化对象，这等同于直接调用类的空的构造方法，所以我们来看AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext类的构造方法：

以下代码摘自：org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext

public AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext() {
    this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
    this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
}

@Override
public void setEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
    super.setEnvironment(environment);
    this.reader.setEnvironment(environment);
    this.scanner.setEnvironment(environment);
}

构造方法中初始化了两个成员变量，类型分别为AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader和ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner用以加载使用注解的bean定义。

这样ApplicationContext对象就创建出来了，在createAndRefreshContext方法中创建了ApplicationContext对象之后会紧接着调用其setEnvironment将我们之前准备好的Environment对象赋值进去。之后分别调用postProcessApplicationContext和applyInitializers做一些处理和初始化的操作。

先来看看postProcessApplicationContext：

protected void postProcessApplicationContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    if (this.webEnvironment) {
        if (context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
            ConfigurableWebApplicationContext configurableContext = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) context;
            if (this.beanNameGenerator != null) {
                configurableContext.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton(
                        AnnotationConfigUtils.CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR,
                        this.beanNameGenerator);
            }
        }
    }
    if (this.resourceLoader != null) {
        if (context instanceof GenericApplicationContext) {
            ((GenericApplicationContext) context)
                    .setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
        }
        if (context instanceof DefaultResourceLoader) {
            ((DefaultResourceLoader) context)
                    .setClassLoader(this.resourceLoader.getClassLoader());
        }
    }
}

如果成员变量beanNameGenerator不为Null，那么为ApplicationContext对象注册beanNameGenerator bean。如果成员变量resourceLoader不为null，则为ApplicationContext对象设置ResourceLoader。我们的例子中，这两个成员变量都为Null，所以什么都不做。

之后是applyInitializers方法：

protected void applyInitializers(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
    for (ApplicationContextInitializer initializer : getInitializers()) {
        Class<?> requiredType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveTypeArgument(
                initializer.getClass(), ApplicationContextInitializer.class);
        Assert.isInstanceOf(requiredType, context, "Unable to call initializer.");
        initializer.initialize(context);
    }
}

public Set<ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> getInitializers() {
    return asUnmodifiableOrderedSet(this.initializers);
}

private static <E> Set<E> asUnmodifiableOrderedSet(Collection<E> elements) {
    List<E> list = new ArrayList<E>();
    list.addAll(elements);
    Collections.sort(list, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
    return new LinkedHashSet<E>(list);
}

参考博客：http://www.importnew.com/24875.html