例一:
Search in Rotated Sorted Array
Suppose a sorted array is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.
(i.e., 0 1 2 4 5 6 7
might become 4 5 6 7 0 1 2
).
You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.
You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.
因为rotate的缘故,当我们切取一半的时候可能会出现误区,所以我们要做进一步的判断。具体来说,假设数组是A,每次左边缘为l,右边缘为r,还有中间位置是m。在每次迭代中,分三种情况:(1)如果target==A[m],那么m就是我们要的结果,直接返回;
(2)如果A[m]<A[r],那么说明从m到r一定是有序的(没有受到rotate的影响),那么我们只需要判断target是不是在m到r之间,如果是则把左边缘移到m+1,否则就target在另一半,即把右边缘移到m-1。
(3)如果A[m]>=A[r],那么说明从l到m一定是有序的,同样只需要判断target是否在这个范围内,相应的移动边缘即可。
根据以上方法,每次我们都可以切掉一半的数据,所以算法的时间复杂度是O(logn),空间复杂度是O(1)。代码如下:
例二:
Search Insert Position
Given a sorted array and a target value, return the index if the target is found. If not, return the index where it would be if it were inserted in order.
You may assume no duplicates in the array.
Here are few examples.
[1,3,5,6]
, 5 → 2
[1,3,5,6]
, 2 → 1
[1,3,5,6]
, 7 → 4
[1,3,5,6]
, 0 → 0
- public int searchInsert(int[] A, int target) {
- if(A == null || A.length == 0)
- {
- return 0;
- }
- int l = 0;
- int r = A.length-1;
- while(l<=r)
- {
- int mid = (l+r)/2;
- if(A[mid]==target)
- return mid;
- if(A[mid]<target)
- l = mid+1;
- else
- r = mid-1;
- }
- return l;
- }
例三:
Search a 2D Matrix
Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following properties:
- Integers in each row are sorted from left to right.
- The first integer of each row is greater than the last integer of the previous row.
For example,
Consider the following matrix:
[ [1, 3, 5, 7], [10, 11, 16, 20], [23, 30, 34, 50] ]
Given target = 3
, return true
.