java 如何在类实例化后，保证其不可变

如何保证一个类在初始化完毕后，其所有参数不可变，即在创建时做一些校验，降低代码的错误性，在该类初始化完毕后，所有属性不可再做修改

我们可以使用以下方式来解决

public class NutritionFacts {
    // require
    private final int servingSize;
    // require
    private final int servings;
    private final int calories;
    private final int fat;
    private final int sodium;
    private final int carbohydrate;

    public static class Builder {
        private final int servingSize;
        private final int servings;
        private int calories = 0;
        private int fat = 0;
        private int sodium = 0;
        private int carbohydrate = 0;

        public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings = servings;
        }

        public Builder setCalories(int calories) {
            this.calories = calories;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setFat(int fat) {
            this.fat = fat;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setSodium(int sodium) {
            this.sodium = sodium;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setCarbohydrate(int carbohydrate) {
            this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate;
            return this;
        }

        public int getServingSize() {
            return servingSize;
        }

        public int getServings() {
            return servings;
        }

        public int getCalories() {
            return calories;
        }

        public int getFat() {
            return fat;
        }

        public int getSodium() {
            return sodium;
        }

        public int getCarbohydrate() {
            return carbohydrate;
        }

        public NutritionFacts build() {
            return new NutritionFacts(this);
        }
    }

    private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
        this.servingSize = builder.getServingSize();
        this.servings = builder.getServings();
        this.calories = builder.getCalories();
        this.fat = builder.getFat();
        this.sodium = builder.getSodium();
        this.carbohydrate = builder.getCarbohydrate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Builder(248, 8).setCalories(100).setSodium(35).setCarbohydrate(27).build();
    }
}