1、基本概念
1.1、Spring
Spring是一个开源框架,Spring是于2003 年兴起的一个轻量级的Java 开发框架,由Rod Johnson 在其著作Expert One-On-One J2EE Development and Design中阐述的部分理念和原型衍生而来。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。 简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
1.2 struts2
Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架,它本质上相当于一个servlet,在MVC设计模式中,Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。Struts 2是Struts的下一代产品,是在 struts 1和WebWork的技术基础上进行了合并的全新的Struts 2框架。其全新的Struts 2的体系结构与Struts 1的体系结构差别巨大。Struts 2以WebWork为核心,采用拦截器的机制来处理用户的请求,这样的设计也使得业务逻辑控制器能够与ServletAPI完全脱离开,所以Struts 2可以理解为WebWork的更新产品。虽然从Struts 1到Struts 2有着太大的变化,但是相对于WebWork,Struts 2的变化很小。
1.3 Hibernate
hibernate核心内容是ORM(关系对象模型)。可以将对象自动的生成数据库中的信息,使得开发更加的面向对象。这样作为程序员就可以使用面向对象的思想来操作数据库,而不用关心繁琐的JDBC。所以,Hibernate处于三层架构中的D层(持久层)。
优点:
(1)Hibernate可以使用在Java的任何项目中,不一定非要使用在Java web项目中。因为Hibernate不需要类似于tomact这些容器的支持,可以直接通过一个main方法进行测试。
(2)通过下面的实例,可以发现使用Hibernate可以大大减少代码量。
2 整合
2.1 版本
Spring 3.2.9 RELEASE
hibernate 4.2.21.Final
struts2 2.3.32
2.2 导包
工程是Maven创建的在pom.xml中添加。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bd.www.weapp</groupId>
<artifactId>sshMaven01</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>sshMaven01 Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.21.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>4.2.21.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.32</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.32</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>sshMaven01</finalName>
</build>
</project>
2.2 Spring-hibernate.xml
在这里主要是Spring和hibernate的整合,形成配置文件Spring-hibernate.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bd.www"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="dataSourse"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate04"></property>
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="LocalSessionFactoryBean"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSourse"></property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>com.bd.www.model</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transaction" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="LocalSessionFactoryBean"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.3 struts.xml
Struts2文件要单独配置形成struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="myAction" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="emp_*" class="com.bd.www.action.EmpAction"
method="{1}">
<result name="success">/WEB-INF/view/emp_list.jsp</result>
<result name="findEmp">/WEB-INF/view/emp_update.jsp</result>
<result name="findDept">/WEB-INF/view/emp_add.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
注意:在配置struts.xml中用的是通配符所以比较简单
2.4 web.xml
这里面对spring-hibernate.xml的引入以及配置的Struts的Servlet就是为了完成SSM整合,之前2框架整合不需要在此处进行任何配置。
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:Spring-hibernate.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
至此Spring+hibernate+Struts2三个框架已经整合完成,你可以在这基础上添加别的功能。
注意:三个框架彼此之间的版本要兼容。