Android Service＜=＞Activity通信

简介:Service Android四大组件之一,可以在后台长时间运行,没有UI界面,默认是运行在主线程.
如需耗时操作需要开启线程,也可以用Service的子类IntentService默认是运行在子线程,其实内部是HandlerThread+Handler,不过Android8.0以后就弃用.也可以用JobIntentService,不过好像现在也弃用了,反正目前官网是这么写的…

1.启动方式

2种显示启动方式startService() 或者bindService().
为什么不隐式启动?
因为Android5.0开始，Google要求必须使用显示启动Service.

1.1startService()启动方式

//启动服务
val intent = Intent(applicationContext, FloatingWindowService::class.java)           
startService(intent)

//停止服务
stopService(Intent(applicationContext, FloatingWindowService::class.java))

生命周期
onCreate() ,第一次被创建,被系统调用.
↓↓
onStartCommand() ,startService方法启动Service时,被调用.
↓↓
onDestroy() ,stopService方法启动Service时,被调用.

1.2bindService()启动方式

//启动服务
bindService(intent,conn,Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)

//解绑服务
unbindService(conn)

//监控服务状态 ,IBinder对象可以调用服务内部的方法
var conn = object : ServiceConnection {
        override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
            floatingBind = service as FloatingWindowService.FloatingBind
            val service1 = floatingBind.service
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected: service 已绑定")
        }

        override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected:$name ")
        }
    }

生命周期
onCreate() ,第一次被创建时被系统调用.
↓↓
onBind() ,bindService方法启动Service时,被调用.
↓↓
onUnbind() ,unbindService方法解除绑定时,被调用.
↓↓
onDestroy() ,unbindService方法解除绑定时,被调用.

2.Service与Activity通信方式

这边Activity主要是用IBinder调用Service内部方法,给Service发送信息.
Service通过接口回调方式返回数据给Activity.

在这里插入代码片

2.1 Activity给Service发送信息

//Activity
var conn = object : ServiceConnection {
        override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
            floatingBind = service as FloatingWindowService.FloatingBind
            val service1 = floatingBind.service
            //给service发送数据
            floatingBind.setData("activity返回数据${count}")
            
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected: service 已绑定 设置数据callBack")
        }

        override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected:$name ")
        }
    }

	//Service
	var data = "null"
    fun upData(msg: String) {
        data = msg
        Log.i(TAG, "upData: 收到activity 数据$data")
    }

    inner class FloatingBind : Binder() {
        val service: FloatingWindowService get() = this@FloatingWindowService

        fun setData(data: String) {
            this@FloatingWindowService.upData(data)
        }
    }

2.2 Service给Activity回调信息

//Service
...
if (this@FloatingWindowService::dataCallBack.isInitialized) {
					//回调数据给activity
                    dataCallBack.message(jobIndex)
                }
...

 interface DataCallBack {
        fun message(count: Int)
    }

    private lateinit var dataCallBack: DataCallBack

    fun setCallBack(dataCallBacks: DataCallBack) {
        dataCallBack = dataCallBacks
    }


//Activity
bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
var conn = object : ServiceConnection {
        override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
            floatingBind = service as FloatingWindowService.FloatingBind
            val service1 = floatingBind.service
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected: service 已绑定 设置数据callBack")
            service1.setCallBack(object : FloatingWindowService.DataCallBack {
                override fun message(count: Int) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "message: service 回调数据$count")
                }

            })

        }

        override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected:$name ")
        }
    }

完整代码
Activity

class FloatingAct : AppCompatActivity() {
    var TAG = "FloatingAct"
    lateinit var mBinding: ActivityFloatingBinding
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        mBinding = ActivityFloatingBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(mBinding.root)
        initView()
    }


    private fun initView() {

        mBinding.bt1.setOnClickListener {
            val intent = Intent(applicationContext, FloatingWindowService::class.java)
            //intent.putExtra("activity",handler)
            //start方式
            //startService(intent)
            
            //bind方式
            bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE)
        }

        mBinding.bt2.setOnClickListener {

            if (this::floatingBind.isInitialized) {
                //解绑service
                unbindService(conn)
                Log.i(TAG, "initView:unbindService ")
            }
            //stopService(Intent(applicationContext, FloatingWindowService::class.java))
        }


        mBinding.bt3.setOnClickListener {


            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                startActivity(
                    Intent(
                        Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION,
                        Uri.parse("package:$packageName")
                    )
                )
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(
                    applicationContext,
                    "API < " + Build.VERSION_CODES.M,
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
                ).show()
            }
        }
    }


    lateinit var floatingBind: FloatingWindowService.FloatingBind

    var conn = object : ServiceConnection {
        override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
            floatingBind = service as FloatingWindowService.FloatingBind
            val service1 = floatingBind.service
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected: service 已绑定 设置数据callBack")
            service1.setCallBack(object : FloatingWindowService.DataCallBack {
                override fun message(count: Int) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "message: service 回调数据$count")
                    if (this@FloatingAct::floatingBind.isInitialized) {
                        floatingBind.setData("activity返回数据${count}")
                    }
                }

            })

        }

        override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) {
            Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected:$name ")
        }
    }


}

Service

class FloatingWindowService : Service() {

    companion object {
        val TAG = "FloatingWindowService"
    }
    lateinit var floatView: View

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder? {
        if (!this::floatView.isInitialized) {
            initView()
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind: ")
        return FloatingBind()
    }

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()

        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: 创建service")
    }

    //每次startServcie时都会调用该方法
    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
        if (!this::floatView.isInitialized) {
            initView()
        }

        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand - startId: $startId")
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
    }

    //解绑调用
    override fun onUnbind(intent: Intent?): Boolean {
        Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind: ")
        return super.onUnbind(intent)

    }

    private fun initView() {
    
        var jobIndex = 0
        timer = Timer()
        timer.schedule(object : TimerTask() {
            override fun run() {
                jobIndex++
                //Log.i(TAG, "run: 执行定时任务${jobIndex}")
                info.text = "补货动态刷新中:${jobIndex}\n 补货数量:$data"

                if (this@FloatingWindowService::dataCallBack.isInitialized) {
                    dataCallBack.message(jobIndex)
                }

            }
        }, 0, 2000)

        Log.i(TAG, "initView: 初始化悬浮窗 width:$widthPixels height:$heightPixels")
    }


    private fun stopTimer() {
        timer.cancel()
    }


    //退出销毁
    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy: ")
    }

    var data = "null"
    fun upData(msg: String) {
        data = msg
        Log.i(TAG, "upData: 收到activity 数据$data")
    }

    inner class FloatingBind : Binder() {
        val service: FloatingWindowService get() = this@FloatingWindowService

        fun setData(data: String) {
            this@FloatingWindowService.upData(data)
        }
    }


    interface DataCallBack {
        fun message(count: Int)
    }

    private lateinit var dataCallBack: DataCallBack

    fun setCallBack(dataCallBacks: DataCallBack) {
        dataCallBack = dataCallBacks
    }
}