一、mongoDB介绍安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 13:03:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 13:03:52 发布

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分类专栏： MongoDB

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35241080/article/details/84843694

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一、MongoDB简介

1.MongoDB是为快速开发互联网Web应用而设计的数据库系统。

2.MongoDB的设计目标是极简、灵活、作为Web应用栈的一部分。

3.MongoDB的数据模型是面向文档的，所谓文档是一种类似于JSON的结构，简单理解
MongoDB这个数据库中存的是各种各样的JSON。（BSON）

三个概念：

数据库（database）:数据库是一个仓库，在仓库中可以存放集合。
集合（collection）:集合类似于数组，在集合中可以存放文档。
文档（document）:文档数据库中的最小单位，我们存储和操作的内容都是文档。

基本概念
1.文档（document）:类似于JS中的对象，在MongoDB中每一条数据都是一个文档；
2.集合（collection）:集合就是一组文档，也就是集合是用来存放文档的，集合中存储的文档可以是各种各样的，没有格式要求；
3.多个文档组成集合，多个集合组成数据库

二、软件安装过程：windows与linux

下载地址： https://www.mongodb.org/dl/win32/

注意：

1.MongoDB的版本偶数版本为稳定版，奇数版本为开发版。

2.MongoDB对于32位系统支持不佳，所以3.2版本以后没有再对32位系统的支持。

windows安装：

1.选择自定义安装方式，设置安装路径，然后下一步直至结束

2.需要配置path环境变量，按照配置java的方式一样即可

MONGODB_HOME  = D:\java\MongoDB\Server\3.2   我这里配置了一个变量
%MONGODB_HOME%\bin;

3.在C盘根目录下创建data文件夹，在data下创建db文件夹，这个路径是默认路径，也可以在启动mongod时修改此路径

4.打开CMD命令行窗口，输入mongod

C:\Users\Administrator>mongod      32位的可能会比较麻烦，有可能报错

5.指定端口和路径

–dbpath：data文件夹的路径

–port 123：修改默认端口号

C:\Users\Administrator>mongod --dbpath C:\Users\Mrchen\Desktop\mongo\data\db --port 123

注意：打开的命令行窗口不能关闭，窗口关闭则服务停止

6.停止mongod服务： Ctrl + C

7.配置mongo的windows服务，不用一直开着命令窗口了。

在mongo安装目录的server下3.x目录下创建mongod.cfg文件，并添加如下内容
```
systemLog:
destination: file
path: c:\data\log\mongod.log
storage:
dbPath: c:\data\db
```
管理员模式打开控制台，并输入如下指令

mongo bin路径=安装路径从盘符开始到bin下

mongo路径 = 安装路径到server下3.x目录
```
sc.exe create MongoDB binPath= "\"mongo bin路径\mongod.exe\" --service --
config=\"mongo路径\mongod.cfg\"" DisplayName= "MongoDB" start= "auto"
```
删除服务 sc delete MongoDB(服务名称)

删除后的服务如果机器没有重启需要去删除注册表，然后重新打开服务管理此时服务就会被清除，方可重新建立服务

linux环境安装

1.下载MongDB的linux版本
2.解压tar包
3.创建data/db 文件夹
4. 进入到解压后的MongoDB 的可执行文件位于 bin 目录下，所以可以将其添加到 PATH 路径中：

export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH
<mongodb-install-directory> 为你 MongoDB 的安装路径。如本文的 /usr/local/mongodb

5.启动mongodb
5.1 如在 / 根目录下创建的 data/db文件夹可直接在bin下启动

./mongod   直接运行可执行文件启动mongodb

5.2 设置自定义 data/db目录

如设置目录： /opt/mogodb/data
启动方式也在bin下：
[root@instance-45oh6r0z bin]# ./mongod --dbpath /opt/mogodb/data
//以下是启动日志
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=115999 port=27017 dbpath=/opt/mogodb/data 64-bit host=instance-45oh6r0z
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] db version v4.0.4
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] git version: f288a3bdf201007f3693c58e140056adf8b04839
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] modules: none
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] build environment:
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]     distarch: x86_64
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]     target_arch: x86_64
2018-12-05T21:12:43.829+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/opt/mogodb/data" } }
2018-12-05T21:12:43.830+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] Detected data files in /opt/mogodb/data created by the 'wiredTiger' storage engine, so setting the active storage engine to 'wiredTiger'.
2018-12-05T21:12:43.830+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:43.830+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
2018-12-05T21:12:43.830+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] **          See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2018-12-05T21:12:43.830+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=1454M,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_min=4,threads_max=4),config_base=false,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),statistics_log=(wait=0),verbose=(recovery_progress),
2018-12-05T21:12:45.094+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] WiredTiger message [1544015565:94589][115999:0x7f32ea4d0a40], txn-recover: Main recovery loop: starting at 1/32768 to 2/256
2018-12-05T21:12:45.215+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] WiredTiger message [1544015565:215921][115999:0x7f32ea4d0a40], txn-recover: Recovering log 1 through 2
2018-12-05T21:12:45.285+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] WiredTiger message [1544015565:285372][115999:0x7f32ea4d0a40], txn-recover: Recovering log 2 through 2
2018-12-05T21:12:45.340+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] WiredTiger message [1544015565:340728][115999:0x7f32ea4d0a40], txn-recover: Set global recovery timestamp: 0
2018-12-05T21:12:45.354+0800 I RECOVERY [initandlisten] WiredTiger recoveryTimestamp. Ts: Timestamp(0, 0)
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: This server is bound to localhost.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Remote systems will be unable to connect to this server. 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Start the server with --bind_ip <address> to specify which IP 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          addresses it should serve responses from, or with --bind_ip_all to
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          bind to all interfaces. If this behavior is desired, start the
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          server with --bind_ip 127.0.0.1 to disable this warning.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: soft rlimits too low. rlimits set to 15651 processes, 65535 files. Number of processes should be at least 32767.5 : 0.5 times number of files.
2018-12-05T21:12:45.366+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:12:45.383+0800 I FTDC     [initandlisten] Initializing full-time diagnostic data capture with directory '/opt/mogodb/data/diagnostic.data'
2018-12-05T21:12:45.384+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017

命令行启动客户端

1.直接在bin下启动
[root@instance-45oh6r0z bin]# ./mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.0.4
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("95ccfb21-5960-4ed0-9fae-0ecbd234601c") }
MongoDB server version: 4.0.4
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
	http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
	http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
Server has startup warnings: 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.065+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.065+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
2018-12-05T21:03:43.065+0800 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] **          See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: This server is bound to localhost.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Remote systems will be unable to connect to this server. 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Start the server with --bind_ip <address> to specify which IP 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          addresses it should serve responses from, or with --bind_ip_all to
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          bind to all interfaces. If this behavior is desired, start the
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          server with --bind_ip 127.0.0.1 to disable this warning.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.795+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: soft rlimits too low. rlimits set to 15651 processes, 65535 files. Number of processes should be at least 32767.5 : 0.5 times number of files.
2018-12-05T21:03:43.796+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 

//2.以上是启动日志，启动成功则进入如下，显示所有数据库
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
//3. 使用test 数据库，如test数据库不存在也可以使用，当插入数据时自动创建
> use test
switched to db test
//4.显示当前数据库
> db
test
//5.插入一条数据
> db.test.insert({name:"张三",age:18})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
//6.查看数据
> db.test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c07cd459058f73ce8af5573"), "name" : "张三", "age" : 18 }
>

安装过程还是比较简单：主要是windows注册进服务可能由于32位操作系原因会有问题；