枚举(menu)

枚举(menu)

枚举类的使用?

1. 枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
2. 当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
3. 如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式

如何自定义枚举类

1. jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类

   • 声明对象的属性:private final 修饰
   • 私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
   • 提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final
   • 其它需求: 获取枚举对象的属性
   • 其它需求: 提供toString()方法

   
       public class Season {
           //声明对象的属性:private final 修饰
           private final String seasonName;
           private final String seasonDescString;
           
           // 私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
           private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDescString) {
               this.seasonName = seasonName;
               this.seasonDescString = seasonDescString;
           }
           
           // 提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final
           public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春天花会开");
           public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎正好眠");
           public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋有蚊虫");
           public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "冬有雪");
   
           //  获取枚举对象的属性
           public String getSeasonName() {
               return seasonName;
           }
   
           //  获取枚举对象的属性
           public String getSeasonDescString() {
               return seasonDescString;
           }
           
           // 提供toString()方法
           @Override
           public String toString() {
               return "Season [seasonName=" + seasonName + ", seasonDescString=" + seasonDescString + "]";
           }
           
       }
   

   测试代码:

   public class SeasonTest {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           Season spring = Season.SPRING;
           System.out.println(spring);
       }
   }
   

2. jdk5.0,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类

   • 提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用",“隔开,末尾对象”;"结束

   public enum SeasonEnum {
       // 提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束
       SPRING("春天", "春天花会开"),
       SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎正好眠"),
       AUTUMN("秋天", "秋有蚊虫"),
       WINTER("冬天", "冬有雪");
       private final String seasonName;
       private final String seasonDesc;
       
       private SeasonEnum(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
           this.seasonName = seasonName;
           this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
       }
   
       public String getSeasonName() {
           return seasonName;
       }
   
       public String getSeasonDesc() {
           return seasonDesc;
       }
       
   }
   
   

   PS:使用enum关键字修饰的类不再继承自Object而是继承自Enum类

3. 常用方法

   • values()方法：返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值
   • valuesOf(String str): 返回枚举类中对象名是str的对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的"名字"。如不是,会有运行时异常: lllegalArgumentException
   • toString(): 返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称

4. enum实现接口

   • 实例一(此方法与普通实现无异):

   interface info {
       void show();
   }
   // 实现接口的枚举类
   public enum SeasonEnum implements info{
       // 提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束
       SPRING("春天", "春天花会开"),
       SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎正好眠"),
       AUTUMN("秋天", "秋有蚊虫"),
       WINTER("冬天", "冬有雪");
       private final String seasonName;
       private final String seasonDesc;
       
       private SeasonEnum(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
           this.seasonName = seasonName;
           this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
       }
   
       public String getSeasonName() {
           return seasonName;
       }
   
       public String getSeasonDesc() {
           return seasonDesc;
       }
   
       @Override
       public void show() {
           // TODO Auto-generated method stub
           
       }
   }
   

   • 实例二,此方式可实现枚举类当中每个类重写一份属于自己的show方法:

   
   public enum SeasonEnum implements info{
       SPRING("春天", "春天花会开"){
           @Override
           public void show() {
               // TODO Auto-generated method stub
               
           }
       },
       SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎正好眠"){
           @Override
           public void show() {
               // TODO Auto-generated method stub
               
           }
       },
       AUTUMN("秋天", "秋有蚊虫"){
           @Override
           public void show() {
               // TODO Auto-generated method stub
               
           }
       },
       WINTER("冬天", "冬有雪"){
           @Override
           public void show() {
               // TODO Auto-generated method stub
               
           }
       };
       private final String seasonName;
       private final String seasonDesc;
       
       private SeasonEnum(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
           this.seasonName = seasonName;
           this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
       }
   
       public String getSeasonName() {
           return seasonName;
       }
   
       public String getSeasonDesc() {
           return seasonDesc;
       }
   
   }
   interface info {
       void show();
   }