Spring-Spring工程的搭建

spring项目搭建一般步骤为
创建一各Java项目，新建lib文件夹，把jar导入配置xml文件

需要的jar包

一个基本的Spring需要的jar包一共五个

创建JavaBean类

• Spring框架中bean指由Spring容器创建并管理的Java对象。不需要自己创建对象，Spring会把创建好的对象放在spring容器中，只需要从spring容器中取这些对象即可

public class User {
	private int age;
	private String name;
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

配置xml文件

配置文件的命名可以是任意的，这里配置文件命名为applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="user" class="com.wl.spring.User">
		<property name="age" value="24" />
		<property name="name" value="张三"/>
	</bean>

</beans>

测试

通过Spring容器拿到对象

public class StartSpring {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
		System.out.println(user.getAge());
		System.out.println(user.getName());
	}
}

结果

七月 08, 2019 8:41:00 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@300ffa5d: startup date [Mon Jul 08 20:41:00 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
七月 08, 2019 8:41:00 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
24
张三

• 注意：这里通过配置文件给创建的对象赋值其实就是调用了对象属性的setter方法。

例如 把setName()方法名改为setField()
再次运行测试代码将会报异常

七月 08, 2019 8:46:12 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@300ffa5d: startup date [Mon Jul 08 20:46:12 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
七月 08, 2019 8:46:12 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
七月 08, 2019 8:46:12 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext refresh
警告: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'user' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'name' of bean class [com.wl.spring.User]: Bean property 'name' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Did you mean 'age'?
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'user' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'name' of bean class [com.wl.spring.User]: Bean property 'name' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Did you mean 'age'?
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1568)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1276)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
	at com.wl.spring.StartSpring.main(StartSpring.java:7)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'name' of bean class [com.wl.spring.User]: Bean property 'name' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Did you mean 'age'?
	at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.createNotWritablePropertyException(BeanWrapperImpl.java:243)
	at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.processLocalProperty(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:437)
	at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.setPropertyValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:292)
	at org.springframework.beans.AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.setPropertyValue(AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java:280)
	at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:95)
	at org.springframework.beans.AbstractPropertyAccessor.setPropertyValues(AbstractPropertyAccessor.java:75)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1564)
	... 13 more

异常中有一条重要的信息为

Exception in thread "main" 
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
 Error creating bean with name 'user' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: 
 Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: 
 Invalid property 'name' of bean class [com.wl.spring.User]: 
 Bean property 'name' is not writable or has an invalid setter method. Did you mean 'age'?

没有找到name的setter方法

• 更改xml配置文件就可以得到user对象的属性

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
	<bean id="user" class="com.wl.spring.User">
		<property name="age" value="24" />
		<!--把name该成了field因为User中把setName()方法改为了setField方法-->
		<property name="field" value="张三"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

执行测试代码的结果

七月 08, 2019 8:52:58 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@300ffa5d: startup date [Mon Jul 08 20:52:58 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
七月 08, 2019 8:52:58 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
24
张三