实现itoa()和atoi()

atoi()：将字符串转换为整型值
实现代码：

enum Status
{
valid,
unvalid
};
int status = valid;//全局变量标记输入是否非法
long long _AtoI(const char* str, bool minus)
{
long long num = 0;
while (*str != '\0')
{
//输入在0-9之间
if (*str >= '0'&&*str <= '9')
{
int flag = minus ? -1 : 1;//判断正负
num = num * 10 + flag*(*str - '0');
//若溢出，输出0
if ((!minus&&num > 0x7FFFFFFF) || (minus&&num < (signed int)0x80000000))
{
num = 0;
break;
}
str++;
}
else
{
//非法输入，返回0
num = 0;
break;
}
}
//此时*str=='\0'可以说明输入时合法的
if (*str == '\0')
{
status = valid;
}
return num;
}
int AtoI(const char* str)
{
status = unvalid;
long long num = 0;
//判断字符串是否有+-
if (str != NULL&&*str != '\0')
{
bool minus = false;
if (*str == '+')
str++;
else if (*str == '-')
{
str++;
minus = true;
}
if (*str != '\0')
num = _AtoI(str, minus);
}
return (int)num;
}

int main()
{
char* str1 = "12345";
char* str2 = "-12345";
char* str3 = "0";
char* str4 = "+";
char* str5 = "-";
char* str6 = "";
char* str7 = "999999999999999999999";
char* str8 = "-999999999999999999999";
char* str9 = "1a2bc3";

cout << str1 << "->" << AtoI(str1) << endl;
cout << str2 << "->" << AtoI(str2) << endl;
cout << str3 << "->" << AtoI(str3) << endl;
cout << str4 << "->" << AtoI(str4) << endl;
cout << str5 << "->" << AtoI(str5) << endl;
cout << str6 << "->" << AtoI(str6) << endl;
cout << str7 << "->" << AtoI(str7) << endl;
cout << str8 << "->" << AtoI(str8) << endl;
cout << str9 << "->" << AtoI(str9) << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

这里需要注意的是，当输入0和非法输入时，都会返回0，那么如何分辨是哪种输入返回的0呢？所以代码中定义了一个全局变量status，如果是非法输入，就将status置为unvalid;若想知道是哪种输入，查看status就可以知道了。
itoa()：将整型值转换为字符串。
代码实现：

//num：要转换的整数，str要写入转换结果的目标字符串,radix:要转换的进制
char *ItoA(int num, char* str, int radix)
{
    char index[37] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqstuvwxyz";//索引表
    unsigned mid;//中间变量

    int i = 0,j,k;
    if (radix == 10 && num < 0)//十进制负数
    {
        mid = (unsigned)-num;
        str[i++] = '-';
    }
    else
        mid = (unsigned)num;
    do
    {
        str[i++] = index[mid % (unsigned)radix];
        mid /= radix;
    } while (mid);
    if (str[0] == '-')
        k = 1;
    else
        k = 0;
    char temp;
    for (j = k; j <= (i - k - 1) / 2.0; j++)
    {
        temp = str[j];
        str[j] = str[i - j - 1];
        str[i - j - 1] = temp;
    }
    return str;
}