相信使用过Spring的众多开发者都知道Spring提供了非常好用的 JavaMailSender
接口实现邮件发送。在Spring Boot的Starter模块中也为此提供了自动化配置。下面通过实例看看如何在Spring Boot中使用 JavaMailSender
发送邮件。
快速入门
在Spring Boot的工程中的 pom.xml
中引入 spring-boot-starter-mail
依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
如其他自动化配置模块一样,在完成了依赖引入之后,只需要在 application.properties
中配置相应的属性内容。
下面我们以QQ邮箱为例,在 application.properties
中加入如下配置(注意替换自己的用户名和密码):
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.username=用户名 //发送方的邮箱
spring.mail.password=密码 //对于qq邮箱而言 密码指的就是发送方的授权码
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
注意: QQ邮箱在spring.mail.password处的值是需要在邮箱设置里面生成的授权码,这个不是真实的密码。
通过单元测试来实现一封简单邮件的发送:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
public class ApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
@Test
public void sendSimpleMail() throws Exception {
SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setFrom("1187625098@qq.com");
message.setTo("1187625098@qq.com");
message.setSubject("主题:简单邮件");
message.setText("测试邮件内容");
mailSender.send(message);
}
}
到这里,一个简单的邮件发送就完成了,运行一下该单元测试,看看效果如何?
由于Spring Boot的starter模块提供了自动化配置,所以在引入了 spring-boot-starter-mail
依赖之后,会根据配置文件中的内容去创建 JavaMailSender
实例,因此我们可以直接在需要使用的地方直接 @Autowired
来引入邮件发送对象。
对于qq邮箱这样写过后会报错:
1、异常信息:
org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure; message exception details (1) are:
Failed message 1:
javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.startTLS(SMTPTransport.java:2046)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:711)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)
这种错误一般是因为jre的lib下C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre\lib\security,替换2个jar包,参考文档
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html
2、异常信息
org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException: Authentication failed; nested exception is javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException: 535 Error: ??ê1ó?êúè¨??μ????£?ê?é???′: http://service.mail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=28&&no=1001256
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:424)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)
at com.vcredit.ddcash.monitor.controller.AppTest.testSendSimple(AppTest.java:36)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
发送方必须要开启smtp,获取到的授权码,界面如下:
3、异常信息:
org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS; message exception details (1) are:
Failed message 1:
javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:721)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)
at com.vcredit.ddcash.monitor.controller.AppTest.testSendSimple(AppTest.java:36)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
换成公司企业邮箱报错,通过将properties文件的内容修改就可以了,这里的用户密码就是自己的邮箱密码(这点不同于qq邮箱)
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=false
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=false
-
- 发送HTML格式的邮件
@Test
public void testSendHtml() {
MimeMessage message = null;
try {
message = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(username);
helper.setTo("1187625098@qq.com");
helper.setSubject("标题:发送Html内容");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("<h1>大标题-h1</h1>")
.append("<p style='color:#F00'>红色字</p>")
.append("<p style='text-align:right'>右对齐</p>");
helper.setText(sb.toString(), true);
} catch (MessagingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
javaMailSender.send(message);
}
注意:这里创建的是MimeMessageHelper
,且在调用setText
时需要在第二个参数传入true
,这样才会使用HTML格式发送邮件
通过velocity模板发送邮件:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-velocity</artifactId>
</dependency>
@Autowired
private VelocityEngine velocityEngine;
@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() throws Exception {
MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
helper.setFrom("dingfuzhao@vcredit.com");
helper.setTo("dingfuzhao@vcredit.com");
helper.setSubject("主题:模板邮件");
Map<String, Object> model = new HashedMap();
model.put("username", "zjq");
String text = VelocityEngineUtils.mergeTemplateIntoString(
velocityEngine, "template.vm", "UTF-8", model);
helper.setText(text, true);
javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}
在resources下建一个templates包 该包下建立一个文件template.vm,内容以html格式随便写
<html>
<body>
<h3>你好, ${username}, 这是一封模板邮件!</h3>
</body>
</html>
测试结果:
不知道什么原因我的qq邮箱需要设置
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=false spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=false
才能成功
不然会报错
org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS
; message exception details (1) are:
Failed message 1:
javax.mail.MessagingException: STARTTLS is required but host does not support STARTTLS
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:721)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:501)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:421)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:307)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:296)
at com.didispace.ApplicationTests.sendSimpleMail(ApplicationTests.java:39)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:254)