前端通过js base64位图片直接修改分辨率(dpi)图片质量无损耗

原理：图片base64数据流中有一部分字节是代表图片分辨率的，直接改变部分字节来实现改变图片分辨率，下载后图片分辨率也会改到相应的分辨率，比如正常canvas生成的图片一般为72分辨率的，可进行转换调整分辨率为300

在github中找到一位大佬的代码（对不起大佬，没有找到他的地址了），进行了简单的封装

//项目中引用
import changedpi from '@/utils/auth/changdpi.js'
//直接传 base64图片数据和需要修改的dpi	
 changedpi.changeDpiDataUrl(base64url,300)

下面是源码

Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
  value: true
});
exports.changeDpiBlob = changeDpiBlob;
exports.changeDpiDataUrl = changeDpiDataUrl;

function _toConsumableArray(arr) { if (Array.isArray(arr)) { for (var i = 0, arr2 = Array(arr.length); i < arr.length; i++) { arr2[i] = arr[i]; } return arr2; } else { return Array.from(arr); } }

function createPngDataTable() {
  /* Table of CRCs of all 8-bit messages. */
  var crcTable = new Int32Array(256);
  for (var n = 0; n < 256; n++) {
    var c = n;
    for (var k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
      c = c & 1 ? 0xedb88320 ^ c >>> 1 : c >>> 1;
    }
    crcTable[n] = c;
  }
  return crcTable;
}

function calcCrc(buf) {
  var c = -1;
  if (!pngDataTable) pngDataTable = createPngDataTable();
  for (var n = 0; n < buf.length; n++) {
    c = pngDataTable[(c ^ buf[n]) & 0xFF] ^ c >>> 8;
  }
  return c ^ -1;
}

var pngDataTable = void 0;

var PNG = 'image/png';
var JPEG = 'image/jpeg';

// those are 3 possible signature of the physBlock in base64.
// the pHYs signature block is preceed by the 4 bytes of lenght. The length of
// the block is always 9 bytes. So a phys block has always this signature:
// 0 0 0 9 p H Y s.
// However the data64 encoding aligns we will always find one of those 3 strings.
// this allow us to find this particular occurence of the pHYs block without
// converting from b64 back to string
var b64PhysSignature1 = 'AAlwSFlz';
var b64PhysSignature2 = 'AAAJcEhZ';
var b64PhysSignature3 = 'AAAACXBI';

var _P = 'p'.charCodeAt(0);
var _H = 'H'.charCodeAt(0);
var _Y = 'Y'.charCodeAt(0);
var _S = 's'.charCodeAt(0);

function changeDpiBlob(blob, dpi) {
  // 33 bytes are ok for pngs and jpegs
  // to contain the information.
  var headerChunk = blob.slice(0, 33);
  return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
    var fileReader = new FileReader();
    fileReader.onload = function () {
      var dataArray = new Uint8Array(fileReader.result);
      var tail = blob.slice(33);
      var changedArray = changeDpiOnArray(dataArray, dpi, blob.type);
      resolve(new Blob([changedArray, tail], { type: blob.type }));
    };
    fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(headerChunk);
  });
}

function changeDpiDataUrl(base64Image, dpi) {
  var dataSplitted = base64Image.split(',');
  var format = dataSplitted[0];
  var body = dataSplitted[1];
  var type = void 0;
  var headerLength = void 0;
  var overwritepHYs = false;
  if (format.indexOf(PNG) !== -1) {
    type = PNG;
    var b64Index = detectPhysChunkFromDataUrl(body);
    // 28 bytes in dataUrl are 21bytes, length of phys chunk with everything inside.
    if (b64Index >= 0) {
      headerLength = Math.ceil((b64Index + 28) / 3) * 4;
      overwritepHYs = true;
    } else {
      headerLength = 33 / 3 * 4;
    }
  }
  if (format.indexOf(JPEG) !== -1) {
    type = JPEG;
    headerLength = 18 / 3 * 4;
  }
  // 33 bytes are ok for pngs and jpegs
  // to contain the information.
  var stringHeader = body.substring(0, headerLength);
  var restOfData = body.substring(headerLength);
  var headerBytes = atob(stringHeader);
  var dataArray = new Uint8Array(headerBytes.length);
  for (var i = 0; i < dataArray.length; i++) {
    dataArray[i] = headerBytes.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  var finalArray = changeDpiOnArray(dataArray, dpi, type, overwritepHYs);
  var base64Header = btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(String, _toConsumableArray(finalArray)));
  return [format, ',', base64Header, restOfData].join('');
}

function detectPhysChunkFromDataUrl(data) {
  var b64index = data.indexOf(b64PhysSignature1);
  if (b64index === -1) {
    b64index = data.indexOf(b64PhysSignature2);
  }
  if (b64index === -1) {
    b64index = data.indexOf(b64PhysSignature3);
  }
  // if b64index === -1 chunk is not found
  return b64index;
}

function searchStartOfPhys(data) {
  var length = data.length - 1;
  // we check from the end since we cut the string in proximity of the header
  // the header is within 21 bytes from the end.
  for (var i = length; i >= 4; i--) {
    if (data[i - 4] === 9 && data[i - 3] === _P && data[i - 2] === _H && data[i - 1] === _Y && data[i] === _S) {
      return i - 3;
    }
  }
}

function changeDpiOnArray(dataArray, dpi, format, overwritepHYs) {
  if (format === JPEG) {
    dataArray[13] = 1; // 1 pixel per inch or 2 pixel per cm
    dataArray[14] = dpi >> 8; // dpiX high byte
    dataArray[15] = dpi & 0xff; // dpiX low byte
    dataArray[16] = dpi >> 8; // dpiY high byte
    dataArray[17] = dpi & 0xff; // dpiY low byte
    return dataArray;
  }
  if (format === PNG) {
    var physChunk = new Uint8Array(13);
    // chunk header pHYs
    // 9 bytes of data
    // 4 bytes of crc
    // this multiplication is because the standard is dpi per meter.
    dpi *= 39.3701;
    physChunk[0] = _P;
    physChunk[1] = _H;
    physChunk[2] = _Y;
    physChunk[3] = _S;
    physChunk[4] = dpi >>> 24; // dpiX highest byte
    physChunk[5] = dpi >>> 16; // dpiX veryhigh byte
    physChunk[6] = dpi >>> 8; // dpiX high byte
    physChunk[7] = dpi & 0xff; // dpiX low byte
    physChunk[8] = physChunk[4]; // dpiY highest byte
    physChunk[9] = physChunk[5]; // dpiY veryhigh byte
    physChunk[10] = physChunk[6]; // dpiY high byte
    physChunk[11] = physChunk[7]; // dpiY low byte
    physChunk[12] = 1; // dot per meter....

    var crc = calcCrc(physChunk);

    var crcChunk = new Uint8Array(4);
    crcChunk[0] = crc >>> 24;
    crcChunk[1] = crc >>> 16;
    crcChunk[2] = crc >>> 8;
    crcChunk[3] = crc & 0xff;

    if (overwritepHYs) {
      var startingIndex = searchStartOfPhys(dataArray);
      dataArray.set(physChunk, startingIndex);
      dataArray.set(crcChunk, startingIndex + 13);
      return dataArray;
    } else {
      // i need to give back an array of data that is divisible by 3 so that
      // dataurl encoding gives me integers, for luck this chunk is 17 + 4 = 21
      // if it was we could add a text chunk contaning some info, untill desired
      // length is met.

      // chunk structur 4 bytes for length is 9
      var chunkLength = new Uint8Array(4);
      chunkLength[0] = 0;
      chunkLength[1] = 0;
      chunkLength[2] = 0;
      chunkLength[3] = 9;

      var finalHeader = new Uint8Array(54);
      finalHeader.set(dataArray, 0);
      finalHeader.set(chunkLength, 33);
      finalHeader.set(physChunk, 37);
      finalHeader.set(crcChunk, 50);
      return finalHeader;
    }
  }
}

module.exports = {
  changeDpiDataUrl : changeDpiDataUrl
}