python多线程

Python提供了两个模块用于实现多线程,thread和threading,thread是低级模块,threading是高级模块,对thread进行了封装,实现多线程有两种方式,分别是将一个函数传入Thread实例,然后调用start方法和继承threading.Thread类,重写_init_和run方法

1.将函数传入Thread实例方法

import random,time,threading

def thread_run(urls):
  print("目前运行的线程是%s"%threading.current_thread().name)
  for url in urls:
    print("%s---->>>%s"%(threading.current_thread().name,url))
    time.sleep(random.random())
  print("%s ended..."%threading.current_thread().name)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("目前运行的线程是%s"%threading.current_thread().name)
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=thread_run,name="thread1",args=(["url_1","url_2","url_3"],))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=thread_run,name="thread2",args=(["url_4","url_5","url_6"],))
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    t1.join()
    t2.join()
    print("%s ended"%threading.current_thread().name)

• 运行结果
  目前运行的线程是MainThread
  目前运行的线程是thread1
  thread1—->>>url_1
  目前运行的线程是thread2
  thread2—->>>url_4
  thread1—->>>url_2
  thread2—->>>url_5
  thread1—->>>url_3
  thread1 ended…
  thread2—->>>url_6
  thread2 ended…
  MainThread ended

2.继承threading.Thread类

import random,threading,time

class MyThread(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self,name,urls):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self,name=name)
    self.urls = urls
  def run(self):
    print("目前运行的线程是%s"%threading.current_thread().name)
    for url in self.urls:
      print("%s---->>>%s"%(threading.current_thread().name,url,))
      time.sleep(random.random())
    print("%s ended"%threading.current_thread().name)

if __name__ == "__main__":
  print("目前运行的线程是%s"%threading.current_thread().name)
  t1 = MyThread(name="thread_1",urls=["url_1","url_2","url_3"])
  t2 = MyThread(name="thread_2",urls=["url_4","url_5","url_6"])
  t1.start()
  t2.start()
  t1.join()
  t2.join()
  print("%s ended"%threading.current_thread().name)

• 运行结果
  目前运行的线程是MainThread
  目前运行的线程是thread_1
  thread_1—->>>url_1
  目前运行的线程是thread_2
  thread_2—->>>url_4
  thread_2—->>>url_5
  thread_1—->>>url_2
  thread_2—->>>url_6
  thread_1—->>>url_3
  thread_2 ended
  thread_1 ended
  MainThread ended

3.线程的同步

python中提供了Lock和RLock对象实现线程同步，这两个对象的acquire和release类似与JAVA中的ReentrantLock的lock和unlock方法，用语获取和释放锁，对于Lock对象而言，一个线程只能只能acquire一次，而Rlock可以acquire多次，但每一个acquire必须对应有一个release