java多线程(线程同步与异步)

沒有同步的多線程示例
這是一個簡單的示例，它可以按順序打印計數器值，也可以不按順序打印，並且每次運行它時，它都會基於線程的CPU可用性而產生不同的結果。

例現場演示

```java
class PrintDemo {
   public void printCount() {
      try {
         for(int i = 5; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Counter   ---   "  + i );
         }
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Thread  interrupted.");
      }
   }
}

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;
   PrintDemo  PD;

   ThreadDemo( String name,  PrintDemo pd) {
      threadName = name;
      PD = pd;
   }
   
   public void run() {
      PD.printCount();
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }

   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}

public class TestThread {
   public static void main(String args[]) {

      PrintDemo PD = new PrintDemo();

      ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 1 ", PD );
      ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 2 ", PD );

      T1.start();
      T2.start();

      // wait for threads to end
         try {
         T1.join();
         T2.join();
      } catch ( Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Interrupted");
      }
   }
}

每次您運行該程序時，都會產生不同的結果-

輸出量
Starting Thread - 1
Starting Thread - 2
Counter — 5
Counter — 4
Counter — 3
Counter — 5
Counter — 2
Counter — 1
Counter — 4
Thread Thread - 1 exiting.
Counter — 3
Counter — 2
Counter — 1
Thread Thread - 2 exiting.
帶有同步的多線程示例
這是相同的示例，它按順序打印計數器值，並且每次運行它時，它都會產生相同的結果。

例
現場演示

class PrintDemo {
   public void printCount() {
      try {
         for(int i = 5; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Counter   ---   "  + i );
         }
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Thread  interrupted.");
      }
   }
}

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;
   PrintDemo  PD;

   ThreadDemo( String name,  PrintDemo pd) {
      threadName = name;
      PD = pd;
   }
   
   public void run() {
      synchronized(PD) {
         PD.printCount();
      }
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }

   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}

public class TestThread {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      PrintDemo PD = new PrintDemo();

      ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 1 ", PD );
      ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 2 ", PD );

      T1.start();
      T2.start();

      // wait for threads to end
      try {
         T1.join();
         T2.join();
      } catch ( Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Interrupted");
      }
   }
}

每次您運行該程序時，都會產生相同的結果-

輸出量
Starting Thread - 1
Starting Thread - 2
Counter — 5
Counter — 4
Counter — 3
Counter — 2
Counter — 1
Thread Thread - 1 exiting.
Counter — 5
Counter — 4
Counter — 3
Counter — 2
Counter — 1
Thread Thread - 2 exiting.