单元测试:
单元测试是用来对一个模块、一个函数或者一个类来进行正确性检验的测试工作。
编写一个Dict类,这个类的行为和dict一致,但是可以通过属性来访问
mydict.py代码如下:
class Dict(dict):
def __init__(self, **kw):
super().__init__(**kw)
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(r"'Dict' object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
编写单元测试,我们需要引入Python自带的unittest模块,编写mydict_test.py:
import unittest #单元测试
from mydict import Dict
class TestDict(unittest.TestCase): #测试类,从unittest.TestCase继承
def setUp(self): #setUp()和tearDown()方法会分别在每调用一个测试方法的前后分别被执行
print('setUp...')
def tearDown(self):
print('tearDown...')
def test_init(self): #测试的方法都以test开头
d=Dict(a=1,b='test')
self.assertEqual(d.a,1)
self.assertEqual(d.b,'test')
self.assertTrue(isinstance(d,dict))
def test_key(self):
d=Dict()
d['key']='value'
self.assertEqual(d.key,'value')
def test_attr(self):
d=Dict()
d.key='value'
self.assertTrue('key' in d)
self.assertEqual(d['key'],'value')
def test_keyerroe(self):
d=Dict()
with self.assertRaises(KeyError): #期待抛出指定类型的Error,比如通过d['empty']访问不存在的key时,断言会抛出KeyError
value=d['empty']
def test_attrerror(self):
d=Dict()
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): #通过d.empty访问不存在的key时,我们期待抛出AttributeError
value=d.empty
if __name__=='__main__':
unittest.main()
#D:\Python\学习代码>python mydict_test.py
#setUp...
#tearDown...
#.setUp...
#tearDown...
#.setUp...
#tearDown...
#.setUp...
#tearDown...
#.setUp...
#tearDown...
#.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
#Ran 5 tests in 0.019s
#OK
文档测试:
将一部分函数的期望输入和输出写在注释中,Python内置的“文档测试”(doctest)模块可以自动提取注释中的代码并执行测试。doctest严格按照Python交互式命令行的输入和输出来判断测试结果是否正确。只有测试异常的时候,可以用…表示中间一大段烦人的输出。
class Dict(dict):
'''
Simple dict but also support access as x.y style.
>>> d1 = Dict()
>>> d1['x'] = 100
>>> d1.x
100
>>> d1.y = 200
>>> d1['y']
200
>>> d2 = Dict(a=1, b=2, c='3')
>>> d2.c
'3'
>>> d2['empty']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'empty'
>>> d2.empty
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AttributeError: 'Dict' object has no attribute 'empty'
'''
def __init__(self,**kw):
super(Dict,self).__init__(**kw)
def __getattr__(self,key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(r"'Dict'object has no attribute '%s'" % key)
def __setattr__(self,key,value):
elf[key]=value
if __name__=='__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()
#运行时若没有任何结果,表示程序没有问题
阶乘函数fact(n)的文档测试:
def fact(n):
'''
>>> fact(-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError
>>> fact(0.5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError
>>> fact(3)
6
>>> fact(1)
1
'''
if not isinstance(n,int):
raise ValueError()
if n<1:
raise ValueError()
if n==1:
return 1
return n*fact(n-1)
if __name__=='__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()