attachBaseContext里调用getApplicationContext 返回 null的底层原因和解决方法

前言

昨天徒弟终于能把rn工程跑起来了，高兴还没一天，今天在哀嚎着找到我……

徒弟说，“我就在application里的attachBaseContext初始化sdk，把application作为对象传进去，里面拿着这个对象去获取context”

application.getApplicationContext()

“为什么这个值是null呢？我其他地方拿都是正常可以拿到的啊！！！！”

    @Override
    protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        super.attachBaseContext(base);
        initSDK(this);
    }

哎，今天又是一个徒弟哀嚎的日子。

问题

以一个简单的demo来说明问题

public class MyApplication extends Application {
    private static final String TAG = "MyApplication";

    @Override
    protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        super.attachBaseContext(base);
        Log.i(TAG, "attachBaseContext: " + getApplicationContext());
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate 0: " + getApplicationContext());
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate 1: " + getApplicationContext());
    }
}

demo输出的日志结果为

2022-01-11 14:57:38.310 19159-19159/com.tomes.testdemo I/MyApplication: attachBaseContext: null
2022-01-11 14:57:38.314 19159-19159/com.tomes.testdemo I/MyApplication: onCreate 0: com.tomes.testdemo.MyApplication@5f12967
2022-01-11 14:57:38.314 19159-19159/com.tomes.testdemo I/MyApplication: onCreate 1: com.tomes.testdemo.MyApplication@5f12967

从结果上来看，attachBaseContext里application去调用getApplicationContext就为null，只要执行完attachBaseContext，如在onCreate里则能通过getApplicationContext获取到context

分析

那我们看看getApplicationContext的具体实现

这里以Android 10的源码为例

getApplicationContext()的真正实现是在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java

    @Override
    public Context getApplicationContext() {
        return (mPackageInfo != null) ?
                mPackageInfo.getApplication() : mMainThread.getApplication();
    }

    final @NonNull LoadedApk mPackageInfo;

    private ContextImpl(@Nullable ContextImpl container, @NonNull ActivityThread mainThread,
            ……
            mPackageInfo = packageInfo;
            ……
    }

接下来我们看看mPackageInfo.getApplication()为什么为null，他的实现在

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java

    Application getApplication() {
        return mApplication;
    }

查看mApplication赋值的位置

    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
            ……
            Application app = null;

            String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
            if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
                appClass = "android.app.Application";
            }

            try {
                java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
                if (!mPackageName.equals("android")) {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER,
                            "initializeJavaContextClassLoader");
                    initializeJavaContextClassLoader();
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                }
                ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
                app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                        cl, appClass, appContext);
                appContext.setOuterContext(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to instantiate application " + appClass
                        + ": " + e.toString(), e);
                }
            }
            mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
            mApplication = app;
            ……
    }

我们看看app的赋值处mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication()，他的实现是在

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java

    public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
            throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 
            ClassNotFoundException {
        Application app = getFactory(context.getPackageName())
                .instantiateApplication(cl, className);
        app.attach(context);//继续跟该方法
        return app;
    }

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Application.java

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    /* package */ final void attach(Context context) {
        attachBaseContext(context);//这里调到我们demo里继承了Application MyApplication的attachBaseContext方法
        mLoadedApk = ContextImpl.getImpl(context).mPackageInfo;
    }

这里还没有将app的赋值操作mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication()执行完毕，我们就在里面的内部实现去拿这个还没赋值的mApplication，这怎么可能拿得到呢？

为了方便大家理解，整理以下流程

mApplication赋值流程

getApplicationContext调用流程

 

解决方法

方法一：

注意开发规范，不要在attachBaseContext生命周期里使用getApplicationContext。

如果一定要在attachBaseContext生命周期里拿到context，这时可以用户自定的Application对象【因为application也是context的子类】，或使用重写attachBaseContext方法时Application传过来的context参数

方法二：

在用户自定义的Application中重写getApplicationContext方法，返回自定义的Application对象

    @Override
    public Context getApplicationContext() {
        return this;
    }