spring boot 中关于json你可能不怎么用但是很好使的功能

平时写代码处理JSON基本上都是用阿里的fastjson，今天通过学习发现spring boot 内置的jackson也不错

 我们都知道，在Spring中使用@ResponseBody注解可以将方法返回的对象序列化成JSON响应出去

测试接口：

@Controller
public class JacksonTestController {



    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("getStudent")
    public Student getStudent(){

        Student student = new Student(1,"张三","123456","地球","13600000",new Date());

        return student;
    }

}

 Student 类：

public class Student implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    private String password;

    private String address;

    private String phone;

    private Date createDate;


    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(Integer id, String name, String password, String address, String         
           phone, Date createDate) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
        this.address = address;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public Date getCreateDate() {
        return createDate;
    }

    public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }
}

像这样，由于我使用的是@RestController所以不用再方法上，因为@RestController注解中包含@ResponseBody

@RestController
public class JacksonTestController {



    @GetMapping("getStudent")
    public Student getStudent(){

        Student student = new Student(1,"张三","123456","地球","13600000",new Date());

        return student;
    }

}

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public @interface RestController {
    @AliasFor(
        annotation = Controller.class
    )
    String value() default "";
}

 

访问输出：

{"id":1,"name":"张三","password":"123456","address":"地球","phone":"13600000","createDate":"2019-11-07T06:29:52.466+0000"}

 可看到时间的 输出形式不是我们想要的，这是只需要在Student的日期字段上加一个注解就可以解决

    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    private Date createDate;

再次请求接口，返回结果已经变成我们想要的格式

{"id":1,"name":"张三","password":"123456","address":"地球","phone":"13600000","createDate":"2019-11-07 06:36:10"}

 有的时候我们不想把真实的字段名称返回给前端，这里可以使用@JsonProperty，作用在属性上，用来为JSON Key指定一个别名。

    @JsonProperty("number")
    private String phone;

再次访问页面phone已经变成了number

{"id":1,"name":"张三","password":"123456","address":"地球","createDate":"2019-11-07 06:40:32","number":"13600000"}

 有时候为了脱敏某些字段 比如密码 不返回给前端 可以用@Jsonlgnore注解

    @JsonIgnore
    private String password;

 再次访问页面返回的已经没有了密码

{"id":1,"name":"张三","address":"地球","createDate":"2019-11-07 06:43:39","number":"13600000"}

有时候只返回name属性就行，而某些情况下需要返回全部属性。 因此Student对象可以做如下修改： 

public class Student implements Serializable {

    /**
     * 只显示名字name
     */
    public interface BaseStudent {};

    /**
     * 全部显示
     */
    public interface DetailStudent extends BaseStudent {};

    @JsonView(DetailStudent.class)
    private Integer id;

    @JsonView(BaseStudent.class)
    private String name;

    @JsonView(DetailStudent.class)
    private String password;

    @JsonView(DetailStudent.class)
    private String address;

    @JsonView(DetailStudent.class)
    @JsonProperty("number")
    private String phone;

    @JsonView(DetailStudent.class)
    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    private Date createDate;


    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(Integer id, String name, String password, String address, String phone, Date createDate) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
        this.address = address;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public Date getCreateDate() {
        return createDate;
    }

    public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
        this.createDate = createDate;
    }
}

分开写两个接口测试这两种情况

@RestController
public class JacksonTestController {



    @JsonView(Student.DetailStudent.class)
    @GetMapping("getStudent")
    public Student getStudent(){

        Student student = new Student(1,"张三","123456","地球","13600000",new Date());

        return student;
    }

    @JsonView(Student.BaseStudent.class)
    @GetMapping("getName")
    public Student getName(){

        Student student = new Student(1,"张三","123456","地球","13600000",new Date());

        return student;
    }


}

第一个查询所有信息 返回详细信息

{"id":1,"name":"张三","password":"123456","address":"地球","createDate":"2019-11-07 06:54:18","number":"13600000"}

第二个查询 值返回name

{"name":"张三"}

@ResponseBody和@RequestBody的序列化和反序列化 序列化就是上面看到的把输出的Student序列化成json字符串。反序列化就是前端传过来的json字符串反序列化成Student

    @GetMapping("saveStudent")
    public Student saveStudent(@RequestBody Student student){

        //student 已经是一个实例了

        return student;
    }