Linux下MySQL主从配置

MySQL版本：5.5.25
iptables：打开对应MySQL端口（默认port 3306）
SELinux关闭

mysql> status; //举例一个查看MySQL版本的方法
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.25a, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:      485
Current database:   
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:      stdout
Using outfile:      ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:     5.5.25a-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:     Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:         24 min 31 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 52  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 16  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 9  Queries per second avg: 0.035
--------------

mysql 主从配置（也叫AB复制），要做双主则把操作反过来再做一遍，注意在做配置期间不要有写操作。
其本身提供成熟的的主从备份机制，首先要准备两台server，分别作为master（58.64.205.132）和slave（58.64.205.133）

//1) 进入master mysql操作界面，为slave mysql授权
//若不需要进行精准授权，IP地址可使用通配符 %
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'58.64.205.133' identified by '12345678';
mysql>flush privileges;

//2) 编辑master mysql的my.cnf : 
# vi /etc/my.cnf
//修改（注意 master的id要与slave的不一样）：
server-id=1
//接着添加需要同步的库(多个库时用,隔开)：
binlog-do-db=test_db
binlog-ignore-db=mysql

//修改完成后重启master mysql：
# service mysql restart

//3) 编辑slave mysql的my.cnf: 
# vi /etc/my.cnf
//修改：
server-id=2
//接着添加需要同步的库(多个库时用,隔开)：
replicate-do-db=test_db
replicate-ignore-db=mysql

//修改完成后重启slave mysql：
# service mysql restart

//4）进入slave mysql操作界面，指定master相关参数
mysql>stop slave;
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='58.64.205.132',
    -> master_user='root',
    -> master_password='12345678',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=107;
mysql> start slave;
//注意：此处的master_log_file和master_log_pos可以在master mysql查看，查看方法：进入master mysql操作界面：
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
            File: mysql-bin.000001
        Position: 107
    Binlog_Do_DB: test_db
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看slave mysql的状态，可以看到诸如此类信息：
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 58.64.205.132
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 253
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: test_db
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0

//注意到：
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
//则表示没有问题