springcloud组件

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 11:16:12 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 11:16:12 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35596839/article/details/140016647

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Eureka

概念

服务注册中心
server服务端
访问地址 http://localhost:8761

eureka-server

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
   port: 8761 # 指定该Eureka实例的端口
eureka:
   instance:
      hostname: localhost # 指定该Eureka实例的主机名
   # 配置关闭自我保护，并按需配置Eureka Server清理无效节点的时间间隔
   server:
      enable-self-preservation: false
      eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 4000
   # 通过eureka.client.registerWithEureka:false和fetchRegistry:false，来表明自己是一个eureka server
   client:
      registerWithEureka: false
      fetchRegistry: false
      serviceUrl:
         defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

启动类

/**
 * 使用Eureka做服务发现.
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
	}
 
}

eureka-client

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
   port: 8000
spring:
   application:
      name: eureka-client # 项目名称尽量用小写
eureka:
   # 配置开启健康检查
   client:
      healthcheck:
         enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
         defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ # 指定注册中心的地址
   instance:
      # IP地址优先
      preferIpAddress: true
      # 按需配置续约更新时间和到期时间
      lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 30
      lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 10

启动类

@RestController
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @RequestMapping("/hi")
    public String home(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "forezp") String name) {
        return "hi " + name + " ,i am from port:" + port;
    }

}

Zuul

概念

zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤
zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8769
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul-service
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      serviceId: ribbon-service
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/**
      serviceId: feign-service

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

服务过滤

@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
        Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
        if(accessToken == null) {
            log.warn("token is empty");
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            try {
                ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
            }catch (Exception e){}

            return null;
        }
        log.info("ok");
        return null;
    }
}

Ribbon

概念

服务调用
支持配置负载均衡策略

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 整合ribbon -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
   port: 8010
spring:
   application:
      name: ribbon-service
eureka:
   client:
      serviceUrl:
         defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
   instance:
      preferIpAddress: true

启动类

/**
 * Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目，主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法，将Netflix的中间层服务连接在一起。
 * Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等。
 * 简单的说，就是在配置文件中列出Load Balancer后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则（如简单轮询，随机  *  连接等）去连接这些机器。
 * 我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。简单地说，Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器。
 * 
 * Ribbon工作时分为两步：
 * 第一步先选择 Eureka Server,它优先选择在同一个Zone且负载较少的Server；
 * 第二步再根据用户指定的策略，在从Server取到的服务注册列表中选择一个地址。
 * 
 * 其中Ribbon提供了多种策略，例如轮询、随机、根据响应时间加权等。
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class RibbonServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
	 * 实例化RestTemplate，通过@LoadBalanced注解开启均衡负载能力.
	 * @return restTemplate
	 */
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
    
    /**
     * 配置负载均衡规则：随机
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule initIRule() {
        return new RandomRule();
    }

}

关键代码

@Service
public class HiService {

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")
    public String hi(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client/hi?name=" + name, String.class);
    }

    /**
 	 * Hystric断路器回调方法
	 */
    public String hiError(String name) {
        return "hi,"+name+",sorry,error!";
    }
}

Feign

概念

Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
Feign 整合了ribbon，具有负载均衡的能力
整合了Hystrix，具有熔断的能力

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8020
spring:
  application:
    name: feign-service
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    preferIpAddress: true
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

启动类

/**
 * Feign是一个声明式的web service客户端，它使得编写web service客户端更为容易。
 * 创建接口，为接口添加注解，即可使用Feign。
 * Feign可以使用Feign注解或者JAX-RS注解，还支持热插拔的编码器和解码器。
 * Spring Cloud为Feign添加了Spring MVC的注解支持，并整合了Ribbon和Eureka来为使用Feign时提供负载均衡。
 * 使用@EnableFeignClients开启Feign
 * 
 * 简而言之：
 * a. Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
 * b. Feign 整合了ribbon，具有负载均衡的能力
 * c. 整合了Hystrix，具有熔断的能力
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class MovieFeignApplication {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MovieFeignApplication.class, args);
	}
	
}

关键代码

/**
 * 使用@FeignClient("eureka-client")注解绑定eureka-client服务，还可以使用url参数指定一个URL。
 */
@FeignClient(name = "eureka-client", fallback = HiHystrix.class)
public interface HiService {
 
	// 定义代码调用对方服务的"/hi"接口
	// 请求url必须与被调用服务请求url一致，否则不能跳转
    // 必须添加@RequestParam注解，否则不能取到参数值
    @GetMapping("/hi")
	String hi(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
 
}

/**
 * Hystric断路器回调方法
 */
@Component
public class HiHystrix implements HiService {

    @Override
    public String hi(String name) {
        return "sorry " + name;
    }
}

Feign 如何结合 Ribbon 切换均衡算法

默认轮询负载均衡算法
在 application.yml 配置文件中指定

# feign和ribbon结合，指定策略。feign默认的是轮询的策略，这里的配置可以自定义
MICROSERVICE-ORDER:
 ribbon:
   NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

Bus

概念

消息总线，实现不重启服务更新配置
需整合rabbitmq
POST请求：http://localhost:9090/actuator/bus-refresh

config-client

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

**注意：**必须添加actuator依赖，否则刷新配置post请求404

bootstrap.yml

server:
  port: 9090
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: config-client
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
  cloud:
    bus:
      enabled: true
      trace:
        enabled: true
    config:
      profile: dev
      label: master # 远程分支
      discovery:
        enabled: true
        serviceId: config-server-git # 配置中心的服务名
        # serviceId: config-server-native
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include:
          bus-refresh

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
@RefreshScope
public class ConfigClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * POST请求
     * http://localhost:9090/actuator/bus-refresh
     */

    /**
     * 本地路径
     */
    //@Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
    @Value("${user.name}")
    String foo;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @GetMapping("/hi")
    public String home(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "forezp") String name) {
        return "hi " + name + ", i am from port: " + port + ", message: " + foo;
    }

}

Config

概念

分布式配置中心组件
服务配置文件统一管理，实时更新

config-server

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

远程配置中心（git）

server:
  port: 8888
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: config-server-git
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: https://github.com/forezp/SpringcloudConfig/ # 配置git仓库地址
          search-paths: respo # 配置仓库路径
          username: # 访问git仓库的用户名
          password: # 访问git仓库的用户密码
      label: master # 配置仓库的分支

本地配置中心

server:
  port: 8889
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: config-server-native
  profiles:
    active: native  # 指明配置文件在本地，会默认从应用的 src/main/resource 目录下检索配置文件
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        native:
          search-locations: D:/Work/IdeaWorkSpace/EEM_SYS/src/main/resources/ # 配置文件的目录

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConfigServerNativeApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerNativeApplication.class, args);
    }

}

config-client

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

bootstrap.yml

server:
  port: 9000
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: config-client
  cloud:
    config:
      profile: dev
      label: master # 远程分支
      discovery:
        enabled: true
        serviceId: config-server-git # 配置中心的服务名
        # serviceId: config-server-native

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class ConfigClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 本地路劲
     */
    //@Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
    @Value("${foo}")
    String foo;

    @GetMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(){
        return foo;
    }

}

Hystrix

概念

断路器

在ribbon中使用

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrix
public class RibbonServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

关键代码

@Service
public class HiService {

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")
    public String hi(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client/hi?name=" + name, String.class);
    }

    public String hiError(String name) {
        return "hi,"+name+",sorry,error!";
    }
}

在feign中使用

application.yml

server:
  port: 8020
spring:
  application:
    name: feign-service
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    preferIpAddress: true
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class FeignServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

关键代码

@FeignClient(name = "eureka-client", fallback = HiHystrix.class)
public interface HiService {

    // 1.请求url必须与被调用服务请求url一致，否则不能跳转
    //2.必须添加@RequestParam注解，否则不能取到参数值
    @GetMapping("/hi")
    String hi(@RequestParam String name);
}

@Component
public class HiHystrix implements HiService {

    @Override
    public String hi(String name) {
        return "sorry " + name;
    }
}

Sleuth

概念

Spring Cloud Sleuth集成了zipkin组件
服务追踪组件zipkin

zipkin-server

不需要自己构建，下载jar包

java -jar zipkin-server-2.12.9-exec.jar

访问地址：http://localhost:9411

zipkin-client

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml(bootstrap.yml)

spring:
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411

sentinel

启动命令

# -Dserver.port=8718 用于指定 Sentinel 控制台端口为 8718
# 把dashboard自己也当成一个资源加入到了dashboard中来进行监控
java -Dserver.port=8718 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8718 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.8.4.jar

# 如果不想把dashboard自己加入控制台监控
java -Dserver.port=8718 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.8.4.jar

yml配置

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
    sentinel:
      transport: #dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8718
        port: 8719  #默认端口，如果被占用则从8719依次+1扫描

服务调用

eureka

Eureka Client：负责将这个服务的信息注册到Eureka Server中
Eureka Server：注册中心，里面有一个注册表，保存了各个服务所在的机器和端口号
各个服务启动时，Eureka Client都会将服务注册到Eureka Server，并且Eureka Client还可以反过来从Eureka Server拉取注册表，从而知道其他服务在哪里