1、QAction的信号
1.1、 QAction被点击之后会产生一个triggered信号
1.1.1、 通过信号与槽的机制能够捕捉对QAction对象的操作
1.1.2、 项目中可以将多个信号映射到同一个槽函数
2、文件的打开,保存,另存为操作
2.1、 文件的打开操作
2.2、 文件的保存操作
2.2.1、定义成员变量m_filePath用于标记数据来源
2.3、文件的另存为操作
如何判断是否存在未保存的数据:?
.h头文件
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QAction>
#include <QString>
#include <QtGui/QMainWindow>
#include <QToolBar>
#include <QIcon>
#include <QSize>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QStatusBar>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QFileDialog>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
QLabel statusLabel;
QPlainTextEdit mainEdit;
QString m_filePath; //记得在构造函数里面初始化。
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
MainWindow(const MainWindow& obj);
MainWindow* operator = (const MainWindow& obj);
bool construct();
bool initMenuBar();//菜单栏
bool initToolBar();//工具栏
bool initStatusBar(); //状态栏。
bool initMainEditor(); //中间的编辑窗口
bool initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//文件菜单
bool initEditMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//编辑菜单
bool initFormatMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//格式菜单
bool initViewMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//视图菜单
bool initHelpMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//帮助菜单
bool initFileToolItem(QToolBar* tb);//初始化工具栏设置
bool initEditToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool initFormatToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool initViewToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int ket);//菜单项,
bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QToolBar* tb, QString tip, QString icon);//工具栏里面的设置,资源文件,标题
QString showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptMode mode, QString title); //文件对话框,//将重复代码提取出来完成封装。
void showErrorMessage(QString message); //错误消息对话框。
private slots:
void onFileOpen();
void onFileSave();
void onFileSaveAs();
public:
static MainWindow* NewInstance();
~MainWindow();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
MainWindowUI.cpp实现文件
#include "mainwindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent), mainEdit(this), statusLabel(this)
{
m_filePath = "";
}
bool MainWindow::construct()
{
bool ret = true;
ret = ret && initMenuBar();
ret = ret && initToolBar();
ret = ret && initStatusBar();
ret = ret && initMainEditor();
return ret;
}
MainWindow* MainWindow::NewInstance()
{
MainWindow* ret = new MainWindow();
if((ret==NULL) || (!ret->construct()))
{
delete ret;
ret = NULL;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initMenuBar()//菜单栏
{
bool ret = true;
QMenuBar* mb = menuBar();//一定要注意是menuBar(),这是普通成员函数,不是构造函数
ret = ret && initFileMenu(mb);//传一个参数是为了在initFileMenu()函数将menu加入菜单栏
ret = ret && initEditMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initFormatMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initViewMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initHelpMenu(mb);
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initToolBar()//工具栏
{
bool ret = true;
QToolBar* tb = addToolBar("Tool Bar");
tb->setMovable(false);
tb->setFloatable(false); //工具栏图标不能拖拽,移动。
tb->setIconSize(QSize(16,16));
ret = ret && initFileToolItem(tb);
tb->addSeparator();//间隔
ret = ret && initFormatToolItem(tb);
tb->addSeparator();//间隔
ret = ret && initViewToolItem(tb);
tb->addSeparator();//间隔
ret = ret && initEditToolItem(tb);
return ret;
}
//初始化主窗口的编辑部分。
bool MainWindow::initMainEditor()
{
bool ret = true;
mainEdit.setParent(this);
setCentralWidget(&mainEdit);
return ret;
}
//实现状态栏。
bool MainWindow::initStatusBar()
{
bool ret = true;
QStatusBar* sb = statusBar();//成员函数,获得状态栏实例
QLabel* label = new QLabel("DTSoftWare liyuan");
if(label != NULL)
{
statusLabel.setMinimumWidth(200);//设置最小宽度
statusLabel.setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter); //设置最下方状态栏的组件
statusLabel.setText("Ln:1 Col:1");
label->setMinimumWidth(200);//设置初始字体到边框距离。
label->setAlignment(Qt::AlignHCenter);//设置中间对齐
sb->addPermanentWidget(new QLabel(""));//就是一个分隔符
sb->addPermanentWidget(label);//添加组件到状态栏中。
sb->addPermanentWidget(&statusLabel);
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
/************************************************文件菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
bool ret = true;
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("File(&F)");//创建文件菜单,(&F)是为了可以Alt+F打开
ret = (menu != NULL);
if(ret)
{
QAction* action = NULL;
//New
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "New(&N)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_N);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Open
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Open(&O)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_O);
if(ret)
{
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileOpen()));
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Save
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Save(&S)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_S);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSave()));
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Save As
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Save As(&A)...",0);
if(ret)
{
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSaveAs()));
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//print
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Print(&P)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_P);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Exit
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Exit(&X)",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);//将菜单项加入到菜单
}
}
if(ret)
{
mb->addMenu(menu);//将菜单加入到菜单栏
}
else
{
delete mb;
}
return ret;
}
/************************************************编辑菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initEditMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
bool ret = true;
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Edit(&E)");
ret = (menu != NULL);
if(ret)
{
QAction* action = NULL;
//Undo
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Undo(&U)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Z);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Redo
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Redo(&R)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Y);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Cut
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Cut(&T)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_X);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Copy
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Copy(&C)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_C);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Pase
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Pase(&P)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_V);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Delete
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Delete(&L)",Qt::Key_Delete);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Find
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Find(&F)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_F);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Replace
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Replace(&R)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_H);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Goto
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Goto(&G)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_G);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Select All
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Select All(&A)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_A);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if(ret)
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete mb;
}
return ret;
}
/************************************************格式菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initFormatMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
bool ret = true;
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Format(&O)");
ret = (menu != NULL);
if(ret)
{
QAction* action = NULL;
//Auto Wrap
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Auto Wrap(&W)",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Font
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Font(&F)...",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if(ret)
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete mb;
}
return ret;
}
/************************************************视图菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initViewMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
bool ret = true;
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("View(&V)");
ret = (menu != NULL);
if(ret)
{
QAction* action = NULL;
//Tool Bar
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Tool Bar(&T)",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//Status Bar
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Status Bar(&S)",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if(ret)
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete mb;
}
return ret;
}
/************************************************帮助菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initHelpMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
bool ret = true;
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Help(&H)");
ret = (menu != NULL);
if(ret)
{
QAction* action = NULL;
//User Manual
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "User Manual",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
//About NotePad
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "About NotePad...",0);
if(ret)
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if(ret)
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete mb;
}
return ret;
}
//初始化工具栏图标的标题,和图片的路径, 2、并将这些图标设置进工具栏。逐个排列。
bool MainWindow::initFileToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "New", ":/Res/pic/new.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Open", ":/Res/pic/open.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileOpen()));
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Save", ":/Res/pic/save.png");
if(ret)
{
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSave()));
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Save As", ":/Res/pic/saveas.png");
if(ret)
{
connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSaveAs()));
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Print", ":/Res/pic/print.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Undo", ":/Res/pic/undo.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Redo", ":/Res/pic/redo.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initEditToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Undo", ":/Res/pic/undo.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Redo", ":/Res/pic/redo.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Cut", ":/Res/pic/cut.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Copy", ":/Res/pic/copy.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Paste", ":/Res/pic/paste.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Find", ":/Res/pic/find.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Replace", ":/Res/pic/replace.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Goto", ":/Res/pic/goto.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFormatToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Auto Wrap", ":/Res/pic/wrap.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Font", ":/Res/pic/font.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initViewToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Tool Bar", ":/Res/pic/tool.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Status Bar", ":/Res/pic/status.png");
if(ret)
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int key)//菜单项
{
bool ret = true;
action = new QAction(text, NULL);
if(action != NULL)
{
action->setShortcut(QKeySequence(key));//创建快捷键
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
//设置资源文件的图标路径,设置标题。
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QToolBar* tb, QString tip, QString icon)
{
bool ret = true;
action = new QAction("", tb);//将所有的工具栏图标指定父组件。
if(action != NULL)
{
action->setToolTip(tip);
action->setIcon(QIcon(icon));
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
}
MainWindowSlots.cpp实现文件
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QIODevice>
#include <QString>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTextStream>
//文件对话框。用于打开文件。
QString MainWindow::showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptMode mode, QString title) //文件对话框,//将重复代码提取出来完成封装。
{
QString ret = ""; //用于返回文件路径。
QFileDialog fd;
fd.setWindowTitle(title); //设置标题的字符串。
fd.setAcceptMode(mode);
QStringList filters;
filters.append("Text(*.txt)");
filters.append("All Files(*.*)");
fd.setNameFilters(filters); //添加文件过滤器。
if(mode == QFileDialog::AcceptOpen)
{
fd.setFileMode(QFileDialog::ExistingFile);//设置文件对话框弹出的时候显示任何文件,不论是文件夹还是文件
//fileDialog->setViewMode(QFileDialog::Detail);文件以详细的形式显示,显示文件名,大小,创建日期等信息;
}
if(fd.exec() == QFileDialog::Accepted) //点击确认退出后执行if语句
{
ret = fd.selectedFiles()[0];//得到用户选择的文件路径。//在这个函数返回值上直接操作StringList下标为0的字符串。
}
//qDebug() << "++++++++++++++--,." + ret;
return ret;
}
void MainWindow::showErrorMessage(QString message) //错误消息对话框
{
QMessageBox mb(this);
mb.setWindowTitle("Error");
mb.setText("Message");
mb.setIcon(QMessageBox::Critical);
mb.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox::Ok);
mb.exec(); //消息循环,阻塞。
}
void MainWindow::onFileOpen()
{
QString path = showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptOpen, "open");
if(path != "")
{
QFile file(path);//通过QFile来操作文件
if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text))//以文本的形式打开。
{
this->mainEdit.setPlainText(QString(file.readAll()));//获取打开文件的内容设置到文本编辑框中。
file.close();
m_filePath = path; //保存当前文件的路径。
setWindowTitle("NotePad - [" + m_filePath + "]");//在标题显示文件路径。
}
else
{
//这里这个字符串的用法。。
showErrorMessage(QString("Open file Error!\n\n") + "\""+ m_filePath + "\"");
}
}
}
void MainWindow::onFileSave()
{
if(m_filePath == "")
{
m_filePath = showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptSave, "Save");
}
if(m_filePath != "")
{
QFile file(m_filePath);
if(file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text))
{
QTextStream out(&file); //通过文本流来操作文件
out << QString(mainEdit.toPlainText());//获得文本框中所有内容
file.close();
setWindowTitle("NotePad - [" + m_filePath + "]");
}
else
{
showErrorMessage(QString("Open file Error!\n\n") + "\" " + m_filePath + "\"");
m_filePath = "";
}
}
}
void MainWindow::onFileSaveAs()
{
QString path = showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptSave, "Save As");
if(path != "")
{
QFile file(path);
if(file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text))
{
QTextStream out(&file);//关联需要操作的文件。
out << QString(mainEdit.toPlainText());//将编辑框中所有内容换冲到 文本流中。
file.close();
m_filePath = path;
setWindowTitle("NotePad - [" + m_filePath + "]");
}
else
{
showErrorMessage(QString("open file Error!\n\n") + "\"" + path + "\"");
}
}
}
main.cpp文件
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QTextCodec>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")); //路径名支持中文
QTextCodec::setCodecForTr(QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")); //QString支持中文
QTextCodec::setCodecForCStrings(QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")); //string支持中文
QApplication a(argc, argv);
MainWindow* w = MainWindow::NewInstance();
int ret = -1;
if(w != NULL)
{
w->show();
ret = a.exec();
}
delete w;
return ret;
}
3、小结
3.1、 Qt项目中尽量将界面代码与功能代码分离开(在同一个头文件中,不同的实现文件中)
3.2、 Qt项目开发中尽量复用平台中提供的相关组件
3.3、 Qt项目中的多数情况都是编写相应的槽函数
A、 槽函数用于响应用户操作
B、 槽函数是具体功能的触发点