第35课 文本编辑器中数据存取

1、QAction的信号

    1.1、 QAction被点击之后会产生一个triggered信号
        1.1.1、 通过信号与槽的机制能够捕捉对QAction对象的操作
        1.1.2、 项目中可以将多个信号映射到同一个槽函数
        

2、文件的打开,保存,另存为操作

    2.1、 文件的打开操作
            

    2.2、 文件的保存操作
        2.2.1、定义成员变量m_filePath用于标记数据来源
            

    2.3、文件的另存为操作
                
                                    如何判断是否存在未保存的数据:?



.h头文件

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QAction>
#include <QString>
#include <QtGui/QMainWindow>
#include <QToolBar>
#include <QIcon>
#include <QSize>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QStatusBar>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QFileDialog>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT
private:
        QLabel statusLabel;
        QPlainTextEdit mainEdit;
        QString m_filePath;     //记得在构造函数里面初始化。
        MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
        MainWindow(const MainWindow& obj);
        MainWindow* operator = (const MainWindow& obj);
        bool construct();
        bool initMenuBar();//菜单栏
        bool initToolBar();//工具栏
        bool initStatusBar();   //状态栏。
        bool initMainEditor();  //中间的编辑窗口
        bool initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//文件菜单
        bool initEditMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//编辑菜单
        bool initFormatMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//格式菜单
        bool initViewMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//视图菜单
        bool initHelpMenu(QMenuBar* mb);//帮助菜单
        bool initFileToolItem(QToolBar* tb);//初始化工具栏设置
        bool initEditToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
        bool initFormatToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
        bool initViewToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
        bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int ket);//菜单项,
        bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QToolBar* tb, QString tip, QString icon);//工具栏里面的设置,资源文件,标题
        QString showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptMode mode, QString title); //文件对话框,//将重复代码提取出来完成封装。
        void showErrorMessage(QString message);    //错误消息对话框。
private slots:
        void onFileOpen();
        void onFileSave();
        void onFileSaveAs();
public:
    static MainWindow* NewInstance();
    ~MainWindow();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

MainWindowUI.cpp实现文件

#include "mainwindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent), mainEdit(this), statusLabel(this)
{
    m_filePath = "";
}
bool MainWindow::construct()
{
    bool ret = true;
    ret = ret && initMenuBar();
    ret = ret && initToolBar();
    ret = ret && initStatusBar();
    ret = ret && initMainEditor();
    return ret;
}
MainWindow* MainWindow::NewInstance()
{
    MainWindow* ret = new MainWindow();
    if((ret==NULL) || (!ret->construct()))
    {
        delete ret;
        ret = NULL;
    }
    return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initMenuBar()//菜单栏
{
    bool ret = true;
    QMenuBar* mb = menuBar();//一定要注意是menuBar(),这是普通成员函数,不是构造函数
    ret = ret && initFileMenu(mb);//传一个参数是为了在initFileMenu()函数将menu加入菜单栏
    ret = ret && initEditMenu(mb);
    ret = ret && initFormatMenu(mb);
    ret = ret && initViewMenu(mb);
    ret = ret && initHelpMenu(mb);
    return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initToolBar()//工具栏
{
    bool ret = true;
    QToolBar* tb = addToolBar("Tool Bar");
    tb->setMovable(false);
    tb->setFloatable(false);    //工具栏图标不能拖拽,移动。
    tb->setIconSize(QSize(16,16));
    ret = ret && initFileToolItem(tb);
    tb->addSeparator();//间隔
    ret = ret && initFormatToolItem(tb);
    tb->addSeparator();//间隔
    ret = ret && initViewToolItem(tb);
    tb->addSeparator();//间隔
    ret = ret && initEditToolItem(tb);
    return ret;
}
//初始化主窗口的编辑部分。
bool MainWindow::initMainEditor()
{
    bool ret = true;
    mainEdit.setParent(this);
    setCentralWidget(&mainEdit);
    return ret;
}
//实现状态栏。
bool MainWindow::initStatusBar()
{
    bool ret = true;
    QStatusBar* sb = statusBar();//成员函数,获得状态栏实例
    QLabel* label = new QLabel("DTSoftWare liyuan");
    if(label != NULL)
    {
        statusLabel.setMinimumWidth(200);//设置最小宽度
        statusLabel.setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);      //设置最下方状态栏的组件
        statusLabel.setText("Ln:1   Col:1");
        label->setMinimumWidth(200);//设置初始字体到边框距离。
        label->setAlignment(Qt::AlignHCenter);//设置中间对齐
        sb->addPermanentWidget(new QLabel(""));//就是一个分隔符
        sb->addPermanentWidget(label);//添加组件到状态栏中。
        sb->addPermanentWidget(&statusLabel);
    }
    else
    {
        ret = false;
    }
    return ret;
}
/************************************************文件菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QMenu* menu = new QMenu("File(&F)");//创建文件菜单,(&F)是为了可以Alt+F打开
    ret = (menu != NULL);
    if(ret)
    {
        QAction* action = NULL;
        //New
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "New(&N)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_N);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Open
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Open(&O)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_O);
        if(ret)
        {
           connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileOpen()));
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Save
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Save(&S)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_S);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
           connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSave()));
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Save As
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Save As(&A)...",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSaveAs()));
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //print
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Print(&P)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_P);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Exit
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Exit(&X)",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);//将菜单项加入到菜单
        }
    }
    if(ret)
    {
        mb->addMenu(menu);//将菜单加入到菜单栏
    }
    else
    {
        delete mb;
    }
    return ret;
}
/************************************************编辑菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initEditMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Edit(&E)");
    ret = (menu != NULL);
    if(ret)
    {
        QAction* action = NULL;
        //Undo
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Undo(&U)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Z);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Redo
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Redo(&R)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Y);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Cut
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Cut(&T)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_X);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Copy
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Copy(&C)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_C);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Pase
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Pase(&P)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_V);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Delete
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Delete(&L)",Qt::Key_Delete);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Find
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Find(&F)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_F);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Replace
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Replace(&R)...",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_H);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Goto
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Goto(&G)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_G);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Select All
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Select All(&A)",Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_A);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
    }
    if(ret)
    {
        mb->addMenu(menu);
    }
    else
    {
        delete mb;
    }
    return ret;
}
/************************************************格式菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initFormatMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Format(&O)");
    ret = (menu != NULL);
    if(ret)
    {
        QAction* action = NULL;
        //Auto Wrap
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Auto Wrap(&W)",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Font
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Font(&F)...",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
    }
    if(ret)
    {
        mb->addMenu(menu);
    }
    else
    {
        delete mb;
    }
    return ret;
}
/************************************************视图菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initViewMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QMenu* menu = new QMenu("View(&V)");
    ret = (menu != NULL);
    if(ret)
    {
        QAction* action = NULL;
        //Tool Bar
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Tool Bar(&T)",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //Status Bar
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "Status Bar(&S)",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
    }
    if(ret)
    {
        mb->addMenu(menu);
    }
    else
    {
        delete mb;
    }
    return ret;
}
/************************************************帮助菜单********************************************************/
bool MainWindow::initHelpMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Help(&H)");
    ret = (menu != NULL);
    if(ret)
    {
        QAction* action = NULL;
        //User Manual
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "User Manual",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
        menu->addSeparator();
        //About NotePad
        ret = ret &&  makeAction(action, "About NotePad...",0);
        if(ret)
        {
           menu->addAction(action);
        }
    }
    if(ret)
    {
        mb->addMenu(menu);
    }
    else
    {
        delete mb;
    }
    return ret;
}
//初始化工具栏图标的标题,和图片的路径, 2、并将这些图标设置进工具栏。逐个排列。
bool MainWindow::initFileToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QAction* action = NULL;
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "New", ":/Res/pic/new.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Open", ":/Res/pic/open.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
        connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileOpen()));
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Save", ":/Res/pic/save.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSave()));
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Save As", ":/Res/pic/saveas.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        connect(action, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onFileSaveAs()));
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Print", ":/Res/pic/print.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Undo", ":/Res/pic/undo.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Redo", ":/Res/pic/redo.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initEditToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QAction* action = NULL;
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Undo",  ":/Res/pic/undo.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action,  tb,"Redo", ":/Res/pic/redo.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Cut",  ":/Res/pic/cut.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action,  tb,"Copy", ":/Res/pic/copy.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Paste",  ":/Res/pic/paste.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Find",  ":/Res/pic/find.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Replace",  ":/Res/pic/replace.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Goto",  ":/Res/pic/goto.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFormatToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QAction* action = NULL;
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb, "Auto Wrap", ":/Res/pic/wrap.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action, tb,"Font",  ":/Res/pic/font.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initViewToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
    bool ret = true;
    QAction* action = NULL;
    ret = ret && makeAction(action,  tb,"Tool Bar", ":/Res/pic/tool.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    ret = ret && makeAction(action,  tb,"Status Bar", ":/Res/pic/status.png");
    if(ret)
    {
        tb->addAction(action);
    }
    return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int key)//菜单项
{
    bool ret = true;
    action = new QAction(text, NULL);
    if(action != NULL)
    {
        action->setShortcut(QKeySequence(key));//创建快捷键
    }
    else
    {
        ret = false;
    }
    return ret;
}
//设置资源文件的图标路径,设置标题。
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QToolBar* tb, QString tip, QString icon)
{
    bool ret = true;
    action = new QAction("", tb);//将所有的工具栏图标指定父组件。
    if(action != NULL)
    {
        action->setToolTip(tip);
        action->setIcon(QIcon(icon));
    }
    else
    {
        ret = false;
    }
    return ret;
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
}


MainWindowSlots.cpp实现文件

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QIODevice>
#include <QString>
#include <QFile>
#include <QTextStream>
    //文件对话框。用于打开文件。
QString MainWindow::showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptMode mode, QString title) //文件对话框,//将重复代码提取出来完成封装。
{
    QString ret = "";       //用于返回文件路径。
    QFileDialog fd;
    fd.setWindowTitle(title);       //设置标题的字符串。
    fd.setAcceptMode(mode);
    QStringList filters;
    filters.append("Text(*.txt)");
    filters.append("All Files(*.*)");
    fd.setNameFilters(filters);     //添加文件过滤器。
    if(mode == QFileDialog::AcceptOpen)
    {
        fd.setFileMode(QFileDialog::ExistingFile);//设置文件对话框弹出的时候显示任何文件,不论是文件夹还是文件
        //fileDialog->setViewMode(QFileDialog::Detail);文件以详细的形式显示,显示文件名,大小,创建日期等信息;
    }
    if(fd.exec() == QFileDialog::Accepted)    //点击确认退出后执行if语句
    {
        ret = fd.selectedFiles()[0];//得到用户选择的文件路径。//在这个函数返回值上直接操作StringList下标为0的字符串。
    }
    //qDebug() << "++++++++++++++--,." + ret;
    return ret;
}
void MainWindow::showErrorMessage(QString message)    //错误消息对话框
{
    QMessageBox mb(this);
    mb.setWindowTitle("Error");
    mb.setText("Message");
    mb.setIcon(QMessageBox::Critical);
    mb.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox::Ok);
    mb.exec();  //消息循环,阻塞。
}
void MainWindow::onFileOpen()
{
    QString path = showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptOpen, "open");
    if(path != "")
    {
        QFile file(path);//通过QFile来操作文件
        if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text))//以文本的形式打开。
        {
            this->mainEdit.setPlainText(QString(file.readAll()));//获取打开文件的内容设置到文本编辑框中。
            file.close();
            m_filePath = path;  //保存当前文件的路径。
            setWindowTitle("NotePad - [" + m_filePath + "]");//在标题显示文件路径。
        }
        else
        {
            //这里这个字符串的用法。。
            showErrorMessage(QString("Open file Error!\n\n") + "\""+ m_filePath + "\"");
        }
    }
}
void MainWindow::onFileSave()
{
    if(m_filePath == "")
    {
        m_filePath = showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptSave, "Save");
    }
    if(m_filePath != "")
    {
        QFile file(m_filePath);
        if(file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text))
        {
            QTextStream out(&file);  //通过文本流来操作文件
            out << QString(mainEdit.toPlainText());//获得文本框中所有内容
            file.close();
            setWindowTitle("NotePad - [" + m_filePath + "]");
        }
        else
        {
            showErrorMessage(QString("Open file Error!\n\n") + "\" " + m_filePath + "\"");
            m_filePath = "";
        }
    }
}
void MainWindow::onFileSaveAs()
{
    QString path = showFileDialog(QFileDialog::AcceptSave, "Save As");
    if(path != "")
    {
        QFile file(path);
        if(file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text))
        {
            QTextStream out(&file);//关联需要操作的文件。
            out << QString(mainEdit.toPlainText());//将编辑框中所有内容换冲到 文本流中。
            file.close();
            m_filePath = path;
            setWindowTitle("NotePad - [" + m_filePath + "]");
        }
        else
        {
            showErrorMessage(QString("open file Error!\n\n") + "\"" + path + "\"");
        }
    }
}

main.cpp文件

#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QTextCodec>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")); //路径名支持中文
    QTextCodec::setCodecForTr(QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")); //QString支持中文
    QTextCodec::setCodecForCStrings(QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK")); //string支持中文
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow* w = MainWindow::NewInstance();
    int ret = -1;
    if(w != NULL)
    {
        w->show();
        ret = a.exec();
    }
    delete w;
    return ret;
}

3、小结

    3.1、 Qt项目中尽量将界面代码与功能代码分离开(在同一个头文件中,不同的实现文件中)
    3.2、 Qt项目开发中尽量复用平台中提供的相关组件
    3.3、 Qt项目中的多数情况都是编写相应的槽函数
        A、 槽函数用于响应用户操作
        B、 槽函数是具体功能的触发点

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