开头先了了解一下dp,px,dpi,ppi,缩放因子scaleDensity
这里就以荣耀V9为例 物理分辨率为1440*2560,5.7英寸
dpi: 这个是系统指定的为640
scaleDensity: scaleDensity=dpi/160由于dpi是系统指定所以scaleDensity=640/160=4
ppi: 每英寸所包含的像素点个数
逻辑分辨率 = (物理分辨率) / 缩放因子=360*640
渲染的分辨率又为 逻辑分辨率*缩放因子=1440*2560
在我们Android里面1dp = 1px*scaleDensity = 1px*dpi/160
所以荣耀V9手机: 1dp = 1px*640/160=4px; 假如我们在布局里面输出360dp的话那么渲染到屏幕上就是4*360个像素点=1440屏幕的宽度.
在很多公司的切图都是以IOS的750作为切图标准,而且只切一套图,这个时候就可以根据修改上面的dpi的 density来达到适配
density = 1440/750=1.92
dpi =density*160=307.2
这样逻辑分辨率就为(1440*2560)/1.92=750*1333
那么当输入390dp的时候会显示多少像素呢?
1dp = 1px*scaleDensity这个公式不变
1dp = 1.92px; 390dp = 748.8px这只是逻辑宽度 实际渲染的宽度就等于748.8*1.92=1437.696 相当于一个屏幕宽度
1:图片资源适配:.9图和SVG图片进行缩放
2:布局适配
3:像素适配
4:限定符适配:比如分辨率限定符 xhdpi xxhdpi xxxhdpi 尺寸限定符:layout_small, layout_large...
5:最小屏幕限定符:values-sw360dp,values-sw384dp,... 屏幕方向限定符:layout_land, layout_port
6:百分比适配
7:改变DisplayMetrics参数适配
百分比适配:
PercentLayout extends RelativeLayout 并自定义几个百分比属性,比如width,height,margin等
重写其onMeasure方法,获取到所有子类,并获取子类的百分比属性,根据控件的宽高和百分比系数转换成真正的宽高最后达到最终适配.
像素适配 ScreenLayout extends RelativeLayout
像素适配就是直接输入Px的适配也叫跟据屏幕比来适配,
原理:我们要跟据UI妹妹给的切图的尺寸来当做一个标准,比如很多都用IOS的750 ,然后我们通过代码获取到Android手机屏幕宽高,这二个数字对比得到一个比例,然后在onMeasure里面对子View的宽高等参数进行重新计算
改变DisplayMetrics参数适配
DisplayMetrics里面有几个重要参数
density:屏幕密度->以每一寸有160个像素点为基础 density=1;,如果每一寸有320个像素点的话,那么density=2
scaleDensity:字体缩放比例,默认情况下density = scaleDensity;
densityDpi:屏幕上每一英寸像素点有多不个,就是160或者320... Android最终都是以px来显示的
因为Android里面的大小都是通过px来显示的,可以从
TypeValue里面的public static float applyDimension(...)这个方法可以看出
public static float applyDimension(int unit, float value,
DisplayMetrics metrics)
{
switch (unit) {
case COMPLEX_UNIT_PX:
return value;
case COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP:
return value * metrics.density;
case COMPLEX_UNIT_SP:
return value * metrics.scaledDensity;
case COMPLEX_UNIT_PT:
return value * metrics.xdpi * (1.0f/72);
case COMPLEX_UNIT_IN:
return value * metrics.xdpi;
case COMPLEX_UNIT_MM:
return value * metrics.xdpi * (1.0f/25.4f);
}
return 0;
}
所以我们改变里面几个参数就可以达到完美适配
获取DisplayMetrics方法,Resources里面的getDisplayMetrics()
然后获取
appDensity = displayMetrics.density;
appScaleDensity = displayMetrics.scaledDensity;
我们这可以跟据我们自己设定的一个设置稿的宽高,比如
public static final float WIDTH = 384;
这样我们就可以自己计算出自己想要的density; targetDensity =displayMetrics.widthPixels / WIDTH
自己想要的scaleDensity字体缩放比例
targetDensity * (appScaleDensity / appDensity)
计算出自己的dpi: targetDensityDpi = (int) (targetDensity * 160);
最后就是将计算出来的进行替换
//替换系统的值
DisplayMetrics dm = activity.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
dm.density = targetDensity;
dm.densityDpi = targetDensityDpi;
dm.scaledDensity = targetScaleDensity;
因为系统字体可放大放小,可以还要监听字体改变
//添加字体变换监听
application.registerComponentCallbacks(new ComponentCallbacks() {
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
if (newConfig != null && newConfig.fontScale > 0) {
//字体发生更改,重新对appScaleDensity赋值
// appScaleDensity = application.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().scaledDensity;
}
}
@Override
public void onLowMemory() {
}
});
最终代码如下:
package com.ancely.desy;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
/*
* @项目名: px
* @包名: com.ancely.desy
* @文件名: PercentLayout
* @描述: 百分比布局的实现
*/
public class PercentLayout extends RelativeLayout {
public PercentLayout(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public PercentLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
public PercentLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
}
public static class LayoutParams extends RelativeLayout.LayoutParams {
private float widthPresent;
private float heightPresent;
private float leftMarginPresent;
private float rightMarginPresent;
private float topMarginPresent;
private float bottomMarginPresent;
LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(c, attrs);
//解析自定义属性
TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout);
widthPresent = a.getFloat(R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout_widthPresent, 0);
heightPresent = a.getFloat(R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout_heightPresent, 0);
leftMarginPresent = a.getFloat(R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout_margintLeftPresent, 0);
rightMarginPresent = a.getFloat(R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout_margintRightPresent, 0);
topMarginPresent = a.getFloat(R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout_margintTopPresent, 0);
bottomMarginPresent = a.getFloat(R.styleable.PercentLayout_Layout_margintBottomPresent, 0);
a.recycle();
}
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int count = getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
View child = getChildAt(i);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();
if (checkLayoutParams(params)) {
LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) params;
float widthPresent = lp.widthPresent;
float heightPresent = lp.heightPresent;
float leftMarginPresent = lp.leftMarginPresent;
float rightMarginPresent = lp.rightMarginPresent;
float topMarginPresent = lp.topMarginPresent;
float bottomMarginPresent = lp.bottomMarginPresent;
if (widthPresent > 0) {
lp.width = (int) (widthSize * widthPresent);
}
if (heightPresent > 0) {
lp.height = (int) (heightSize * heightPresent);
}
if (leftMarginPresent > 0) {
lp.leftMargin = (int) (widthSize * leftMarginPresent);
}
if (widthPresent > 0) {
lp.rightMargin = (int) (widthSize * rightMarginPresent);
}
if (widthPresent > 0) {
lp.topMargin = (int) (heightSize * topMarginPresent);
}
if (widthPresent > 0) {
lp.bottomMargin = (int) (heightSize * bottomMarginPresent);
}
}
}
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
@Override
protected boolean checkLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
return p instanceof LayoutParams;
}
@Override
public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
}
}