熔断策略

熔断器是什么？
当某个机器接口失败率达到某一条件（比如失败率>50%），就可以采用熔断器将服务器从集群机器中移除，或者采用自定义的业务逻辑降级方案，比如从一个接口转到另一个接口。熔断器只是一个工具，重要的是业务逻辑。

1.hystrics

2.resilience4j（轻量级熔断框架）

Resilience4j-轻量级熔断框架
resilience4j.
Resilience4j是一款轻量级，易于使用的容错库，其灵感来自于Netflix Hystrix，但是专为Java 8和函数式编程而设计。轻量级，因为库只使用了Vavr，它没有任何其他外部依赖下。相比之下，Netflix Hystrix对Archaius具有编译依赖性，Archaius具有更多的外部库依赖性，例如Guava和Apache Commons Configuration。

要使用Resilience4j，不需要引入所有依赖，只需要选择你需要的。

Resilience4j提供了以下的核心模块和拓展模块:

核心模块：

• resilience4j-circuitbreaker: Circuit breaking
• resilience4j-ratelimiter: Rate limiting
• resilience4j-bulkhead: Bulkheading
• resilience4j-retry: Automatic retrying (sync and async)
• resilience4j-cache: Result caching
• resilience4j-timelimiter: Timeout handling

1. CircuitBreaker（熔断器）

// Create a custom configuration for a CircuitBreaker
CircuitBreakerConfig circuitBreakerConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
  .failureRateThreshold(50)
  .slowCallRateThreshold(50)
  .waitDurationInOpenState(Duration.ofMillis(1000))
  .slowCallDurationThreshold(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
  .permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState(3)
  .minimumNumberOfCalls(10)
  .slidingWindowType(SlidingWindowType.TIME_BASED)
  .slidingWindowSize(5)
  .recordException(e -> INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
                 .equals(getResponse().getStatus()))
  .recordExceptions(IOException.class, TimeoutException.class)
  .ignoreExceptions(BusinessException.class, OtherBusinessException.class)
  .build();

// Create a CircuitBreakerRegistry with a custom global configuration
CircuitBreakerRegistry circuitBreakerRegistry 
  CircuitBreakerRegistry.of(circuitBreakerConfig);

// Get or create a CircuitBreaker from the CircuitBreakerRegistry 
// with the global default configuration
CircuitBreaker circuitBreakerWithDefaultConfig = 
  circuitBreakerRegistry.circuitBreaker("name1");

// Get or create a CircuitBreaker from the CircuitBreakerRegistry 
// with a custom configuration
CircuitBreaker circuitBreakerWithCustomConfig = circuitBreakerRegistry
  .circuitBreaker("name2", circuitBreakerConfig);
// Create a custom configuration for a CircuitBreaker
CircuitBreakerConfig circuitBreakerConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
  .failureRateThreshold(50)
  .slowCallRateThreshold(50)
  .waitDurationInOpenState(Duration.ofMillis(1000))
  .slowCallDurationThreshold(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
  .permittedNumberOfCallsInHalfOpenState(3)
  .minimumNumberOfCalls(10)
  .slidingWindowType(SlidingWindowType.TIME_BASED)
  .slidingWindowSize(5)
  .recordException(e -> INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
                 .equals(getResponse().getStatus()))
  .recordExceptions(IOException.class, TimeoutException.class)
  .ignoreExceptions(BusinessException.class, OtherBusinessException.class)
  .build();

// Create a CircuitBreakerRegistry with a custom global configuration
CircuitBreakerRegistry circuitBreakerRegistry 
  CircuitBreakerRegistry.of(circuitBreakerConfig);

// Get or create a CircuitBreaker from the CircuitBreakerRegistry 
// with the global default configuration
CircuitBreaker circuitBreakerWithDefaultConfig = 
  circuitBreakerRegistry.circuitBreaker("name1");

// Get or create a CircuitBreaker from the CircuitBreakerRegistry 
// with a custom configuration
CircuitBreaker circuitBreakerWithCustomConfig = circuitBreakerRegistry
  .circuitBreaker("name2", circuitBreakerConfig);

You can add configurations which can be shared by multiple CircuitBreaker instances.

Java

CircuitBreakerConfig circuitBreakerConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
  .failureRateThreshold(70)
  .build();

circuitBreakerRegistry.addConfiguration("someSharedConfig", config);

CircuitBreaker circuitBreaker = circuitBreakerRegistry
  .circuitBreaker("name", "someSharedConfig");
CircuitBreakerConfig circuitBreakerConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
  .failureRateThreshold(70)
  .build();

circuitBreakerRegistry.addConfiguration("someSharedConfig", config);

CircuitBreaker circuitBreaker = circuitBreakerRegistry
  .circuitBreaker("name", "someSharedConfig");


You can overwrite configurations.

Java


 CircuitBreakerConfig defaultConfig = circuitBreakerRegistry
   .getDefaultConfig();

CircuitBreakerConfig overwrittenConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig
  .from(defaultConfig)
  .waitDurationInOpenState(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
  .build();
 CircuitBreakerConfig defaultConfig = circuitBreakerRegistry
   .getDefaultConfig();

CircuitBreakerConfig overwrittenConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig
  .from(defaultConfig)
  .waitDurationInOpenState(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
  .build();
If you don’t want to use the CircuitBreakerRegistry to manage CircuitBreaker instances, you can also create instances directly.

Java

// Create a custom configuration for a CircuitBreaker
CircuitBreakerConfig circuitBreakerConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
  .recordExceptions(IOException.class, TimeoutException.class)
  .ignoreExceptions(BusinessException.class, OtherBusinessException.class)
  .build();

CircuitBreaker customCircuitBreaker = CircuitBreaker
  .of("testName", circuitBreakerConfig);
// Create a custom configuration for a CircuitBreaker
CircuitBreakerConfig circuitBreakerConfig = CircuitBreakerConfig.custom()
  .recordExceptions(IOException.class, TimeoutException.class)
  .ignoreExceptions(BusinessException.class, OtherBusinessException.class)
  .build();

CircuitBreaker customCircuitBreaker = CircuitBreaker
  .of("testName", circuitBreakerConfig);

2. Timelimiter（超时控制）
3. Bulkhead（1.基于信号量 2.基于有等待队列的固定大小的线程池）
4. RateLimiter（限流）
5. Fallback
6. Retry（重试）

Sentinel 与 Hystrix、resilience4j 的对比