线程创建方式
1. Thread
package cn.huasheng.demo;
/**
* Thread实现了runnable
* 继承thread类
* 重写run方法
* 线程创建后,不会立即执行,要调用start方法
*/
public class ThreadDemo1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("a线程学习---"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadDemo1 demo1=new ThreadDemo1();
demo1.start();System.out.println("主线程");
}
}
2. Runnable
package cn.huasheng.demo;
/**
* 实现runnable接口
* 重写run方法
* 执行线程需要掉入实现runnable接口的实现类,才能开启线程(推荐使用)
*
*/
public class RunnableThread implements Runnable{
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <200 ; i++) {
System.out.println(""+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
RunnableThread rt=new RunnableThread();
//代理方式
new Thread(rt).start();
System.out.println("main");
}
}
3. Callable
package cn.huasheng.demo;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* 实现callable接口
*重写call方法
* 有返回值,可以抛出异常
*/
public class CallableThread implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String name;
private String url;
public CallableThread(String url,String name){
this.url=url;
this.name=name;
}
public Boolean call(){
Down down=new Down();
down.down(url,name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CallableThread td1=new CallableThread("https://fanyi-cdn.cdn.bcebos.com/static/translation/img/header/logo_e835568.png","1.png");
CallableThread td2=new CallableThread("https://fanyi-cdn.cdn.bcebos.com/static/translation/img/header/logo_e835568.png","2.png");
CallableThread td3=new CallableThread("https://fanyi-cdn.cdn.bcebos.com/static/translation/img/header/logo_e835568.png","3.png");
//创建执行服务
ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> future1= service.submit(td1);
Future<Boolean> future2= service.submit(td2);
Future<Boolean> future3= service.submit(td3);
//获取结果
boolean res1=future1.get();
boolean res2=future2.get();
boolean res3=future3.get();
System.out.println(res1+""+res2+""+res3);
//关闭服务
service.shutdown();
}
}
class Down{
public void down(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
}catch (Exception e){
}
}
}
线程状态
新建NEW->就绪(WAITING)/等待(TIED WAITING)->阻塞(BLOCKED)->运行(RUNNABLE)>-死亡(TERMIMATED)
线程中断或死亡,都不能再重新启动
package cn.huasheng;
/**
* 观察线程状态
*/
public class ThreadState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread=new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
Thread.State state=thread.getState();//新建状态
System.out.println(state);
//启动后
thread.start();
state=thread.getState();//启动后当状态
System.out.println(state);
while(Thread.State.TERMINATED!=state){
Thread.sleep(100);
state=thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
}
}
}
停止线程
package cn.huasheng.demo;
/**
* 1.建议线程正常停止,利用循环次数,不建议死循环
* 2。建议使用标志位,设置标志位
* 3。不要使用stop或destroy等过时或者jdk不建议使用等方法
*/
public class StopThread implements Runnable{
private boolean flag=true;
public void run() {
int a=0;
while (flag){
a++;
System.out.println("---"+a);
}
}
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
StopThread stopThread=new StopThread();
Thread thread= new Thread(stopThread);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
if(i==90000){
stopThread.stop();
}
}
}
}
线程方法
睡眠:sleep,不会释放锁
礼让:yied,礼让不一定成功,要看cpu的调度,看cpu心情
插队:join, 合并线程,待此线程执行完毕后,再执行其他线程,其他线程阻塞,相当于插队
优先级:priority,通过setter/getter方法设置优先级/获取优先级
守护线程:daemon,线程分用户线程和守护线程, 比如main()就是用户线程,System.gc()垃圾回收就是守护线程,虚拟机不用等待守护线程是否执行完毕,而虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
#### 代码例子
睡眠
package cn.huasheng.method;
/**
* 线程睡眠
*/
public class SleepThread {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i <100; i++) {
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
礼让
package cn.huasheng.method;
/**
* 线程礼让
*/
public class YieldThread implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) {
YieldThread thread=new YieldThread();
new Thread(thread,"A").start();
new Thread(thread,"B").start();
}
public void run() {
String name= Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name+"----1");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(name+"----2");
}
}
插队
package cn.huasheng.method;
/**
* 测试join,先当于插队
*/
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread=new Thread(new TestJoin());
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
if(i==500){
thread.join();//执行这个后,要等到线程跑完才能继续跑主线程
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("vip thread"+i);
}
}
}
优先级
package cn.huasheng.method;
//测试线程优先级
//优先级范围1~10,不能超出,不然报错
//默认优先级是5
public class TestPriority implements Runnable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestPriority priority=new TestPriority();
Thread thread1=new Thread(priority,"A");
Thread thread2=new Thread(priority,"B");
Thread thread3=new Thread(priority,"C");
//设置优先级
thread1.setPriority(1);
thread2.setPriority(8);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程
package cn.huasheng.method;
//测试守护线程
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread=new Thread(new You());
Thread thread1=new Thread(new God());
thread1.setDaemon(true);//设置为守护线程
thread.start();
thread1.start();
}
}
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (;;) {
System.out.println("i am gad!");
}
}
}
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <36500 ; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println("game over");
}
}
线程同步
多个线程操作同一个线程
并发:同一个对象被多个线程同时操作
队列和锁:保证线程安全,就如排队上厕所,锁就像是厕所的门锁
代码例子
1. 银行取钱
package cn.huasheng.sync;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account=new Account("创业基金",100);
new Drawing(account,50,"you").start();
new Drawing(account,100,"me").start();
}
}
class Account{
String name;
int money;
public Account(String name,int money){
this.name=name;
this.money=money;
}
}
class Drawing extends Thread{
private final Account account;//账户
private final int drawingMoney;//每次要取的钱
private int nowMoney;//手里的钱
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
// this.nowMoney=nowMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run(){
synchronized (account){//加锁解决问题
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){//判读是否有钱
System.out.println(this.getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内的钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
2. 购票
package cn.huasheng.sync;
/**
* 不安全的买票
* 线程不安全,有负数
*/
public class UnsafeBuyTicket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNum=10;//票
private boolean flag=true;
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {//加锁解决问题
if(ticketNum<=0){
flag=false;
return;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿了第"+ticketNum+"票");
ticketNum--;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
UnsafeBuyTicket tr=new UnsafeBuyTicket();
new Thread(tr,"lisi").start();
new Thread(tr,"zhangsan").start();
new Thread(tr,"wangwu").start();
}
}
3. List集合
package cn.huasheng.sync;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list){//加锁解决问题
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
//JUC
package cn.huasheng.sync;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}catch (Exception e){}
}
}
锁
synchronized与lock对比
synchronized为隐式锁(出了作用域自动释放锁),lock为显式锁,可重入锁(需要手动开启锁和关闭锁)
Lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
Lock锁,具有很好的扩展性(提供的子类较多),性能好(JVM花费较少的时间来调度线程)
优先使用顺序:lock>同步代码快>同步方法
代码例子
synchronized
死锁问题与解决
package cn.huasheng.lock;
//死锁,多线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1=new Makeup(0,"A");
Makeup g2=new Makeup(1,"B");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
class Lipstick{
}
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();//需要的资源只有👔,用static来保证只有一份
int choice;//选择
String girlName;//使用化妆品的人
Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
this.choice=choice;
this.girlName=girlName;
}
//化妆(死锁写法)
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if(choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
//化妆(解决死锁写法)
private void makeupnolock() throws InterruptedException {
if(choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
@Override
public void run(){
try {
makeup();//死锁
// makeupnolock();//解决死锁
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
Lock
package cn.huasheng.jinjie;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ticket ticket=new Ticket();
new Thread(ticket).start();
new Thread(ticket).start();
new Thread(ticket).start();
}
}
class Ticket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNum=10;
private final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();//定义可重入锁
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();
if(ticketNum>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
System.out.println(ticketNum);
ticketNum--;
}else{
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
线程协作
生产者消费者模式:生产者生产产品告知服务员,服务员取货给消费者,或者消费者需要产品,告知服务员,服务员通知生产者生产产品(通知与等待)管程法
比如:红绿灯(信号灯法)
代码例子
管程法
package cn.huasheng.jinjie;
import java.util.List;
//测试:生产者模型,利用缓冲区解决:管程法
//生产者,消费者,缓冲区,产品
public class TestProdCus {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container=new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
//生产
public void run(){
for (int i = 1; i <=100; i++) {
container.push(new Apple(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"个apple");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
//消费
public void run(){
for (int i = 1; i <=100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了"+container.pop().seriNum+"个apple");
}
}
}
//产品:苹果
class Apple{
int seriNum;
public Apple(int seriNum){
this.seriNum=seriNum;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//容器大小
Apple[] apples=new Apple[10];
//容器计数器
int count=0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Apple apple) {
// 若果容器满了,就需要等待消费者
if(count==apples.length){
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//若果没有满,就掉入产品
apples[count]=apple;
count++;
//通知消费者消费
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费
public synchronized Apple pop(){
if(count==0){//判断是否能消费
//等待生产,消费者等待
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//若可以消费
count--;
Apple apple=apples[count];
//消费完,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return apple;
}
}
信号灯法
package cn.huasheng.jinjie;
//测试生产者消费者问题2:信号灯法,标志位解决
public class TestPCFlag {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv=new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者-》演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
Player(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("七龙珠播放中");
}else{
this.tv.play("广告播放中");
}
}
}
}
//消费者-》观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
this.tv.watch();
}
}
}
//节目
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待 true
//观众观看,演员等待 false
String voice;//表演的节目
boolean flag=true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
}catch (Exception e){
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
}catch (Exception e){
}
}
System.out.println("观众看了:"+this.voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
}
线程池
背景:经常创建和销毁、使用量特别大的资源,比如并发情况下的线程,对性能影响大。
思路:提前创建好多个线程,放在线程池中,使用时直接获取,使用完放回池中。
优点
- 提高响应速度(减少创建新线程的时间)
- 降低资源消耗(重复利用线程池中的线程,不需要每次创建)
- 便于管理
代码例子
package cn.huasheng.jinjie;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//测试线程池
public class TestThreadPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建线程池
ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);//创建固定大小的线程池
//2。执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//3。关闭
service.shutdownNow();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}