目录
一、列表简介
列表由一系列按特定顺序排列的元素组成,例如:
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
可以通过元素的位置或索引来访问列表元素:
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles[0]) # "trek"
列表的第一个元素的索引为0。通过将索引指定为-1,可让Python返回最后一个列表元素:
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles[-1]) # "specialized"
二、对列表进行增、删、改
2.1、为列表添加元素
- append(element) —— 在列表末尾添加元素
- insert(index, element) —— 在列表的指定位置插入元素
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles.append('ducati')
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
motorcycles.insert(1, 'ducati')
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
2.2、从列表中删除元素
- 使用del语句 —— 根据元素值删除元素
- pop()或pop(index) —— 删除列表中的元素,并返回该元素
- remove(element) —— 根据元素值删除元素
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles) # ['yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
print(motorcycles.pop()) # ducati
print(motorcycles) # ['yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles.pop(0)) # yamaha
print(motorcycles) # ['suzuki']
motorcycles.remove('suzuki')
print(motorcycles) # []
2.3、修改列表元素
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'
print(motorcycles) # ['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
三、组织列表
3.1、永久排序
sort()方法能对列表进行永久排序:
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort()
print(cars) # ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
还可以反向排序,只需向sort()方法传递参数reverse=True:
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort(reverse=True)
print(cars) # ['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']
3.2、临时排序
要保留列表元素原来的排列顺序,同时以特定的顺序呈现它们,可使用函数sorted():
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print(sorted(cars)) # ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
print(cars) # ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
也可向函数sorted()传递参数reverse=True,使列表反向排序:
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print(sorted(cars, reverse=True)) # ['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']
print(cars) # ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
3.3、反转列表
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.reverse()
print(cars) # ['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']
3.4、确定列表长度
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
length = len(cars)
print(length) # 4