以下是源码注释部分
As a general rule, the default load factor (.75) offers a good tradeoff between time and space costs. Higher values decrease the space overhead but increase the lookup cost (reflected in most of the operations of the {@code HashMap} class, including {@code get} and {@code put}). The expected number of entries in the map and its load factor should be taken into account when setting its initial capacity, so as to minimize the number of rehash operations. If the initial capacity is greater than the maximum number of entries divided by the load factor, no rehash operations will ever occur.
一般来讲,默认负载因子 0.75 提供了良好的时间和空间成本之间的权衡.更高的值降低空间的开销,但增加查找成本(反映在{@code HashMap}类的大多数操作中,包括{@code get}和{@code put}).在设置初始容量时,应考虑映射中预期的条目数及其负载因子,以尽量减少重新刷新操作的次数.如果初始容量大于最大条目数除以负载因子,不会发生任何载灰化操作.