python——精华技巧

1、大量的if-else结构采用字典key来匹配。

days = "Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun".split()
classes = "Eng Chi Mat Phy Che Res".split()
week_classes = dict(zip(days, classes))

def get_calss(day):
    if day not in week_classes:
        raise ValueError("Not a correct day")
    else:
        return week_classes.get(day)
print(get_calss("Sat"))

2、清楚的异常声明比含蓄的要好，不要图省事。

def get_num(num1, num2):
    try:
        result = num1/num2
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print("不能被0整除")
        return 0
    except TypeError:
        print("请检查输入的变量是否为整数")
        raise
    except Exception as e:
        print("其他错误：{e}, 上抛错误")
        raise

3、巧妙的利用yield来取代递归
注：含有yield的函数是一个生成器，多个生成器嵌套则用yield from。

import os
def find_files(root_dir="/user/", res=None):
    if not res:
        res = []
    for f in os.listdir(root_dir):
        file_path = os.path.join(root_dir, f)
        if os.path.isfile(f):
            res.append(file_path)
        elif os.path.isdir(f):
            find_files(file_path, res)
    return res

优化后：

def get_files(folder):
    for item in os.listdir(folder):
        file_path = os.path.join(folder, item)
        if os.path.isfile(item):
            yield file_path
        elif os.path.isdir(item):
            yield from find_files(item)

root_dir = "/user/"
print(list(get_files(root_dir)))