1. 循环依赖是什么？
Bean A 依赖 B，Bean B 依赖 A这种情况下出现循环依赖。
Bean A → Bean B → Bean A
更复杂的间接依赖造成的循环依赖如下。
Bean A → Bean B → Bean C → Bean D → Bean E → Bean A
当Spring正在加载所有Bean时，Spring尝试以能正常创建Bean的顺序去创建Bean。
例如，有如下依赖:
Bean A → Bean B → Bean C
Spring先创建beanC，接着创建bean B（将C注入B中)，最后创建bean A(将B注入A中)。
但当存在循环依赖时，Spring将无法决定先创建哪个bean。这种情况下，Spring将产生异常BeanCurrentlyInCreationException。
3.普通注入之间的循环依赖
比如：我现在有一个ServiceA需要调用ServiceB的方法，那么ServiceA就依赖于ServiceB，那在ServiceB中再调用ServiceA的方法，就形成了循环依赖。Spring在初始化bean的时候就不知道先初始化哪个，bean就会报错。
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public
class ClassA {
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@Autowired
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ClassB classB;
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}
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public
class ClassB {
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@Autowired
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ClassA classA
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}
如何解决循环依赖，最好的方法是重构代码，进行解耦，如果没有时间重构，可以使用下面的方法：
（1）在你的配置文件中，在互相依赖的两个bean的任意一个加上lazy-init属性
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<bean id=
"ServiceDependent1"
class=
"org.xyz.ServiceDependent1" lazy-init=
"true">
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<constructor-arg ref=
"Service"/> </bean>
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<bean id=
"ServiceDependent2"
class=
"org.xyz.ServiceDependent2" lazy-init=
"true">
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<constructor-arg ref=
"Service"/> </bean>
（2）在你注入bean时，在互相依赖的两个bean上加上@Lazy注解也可以
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@Autowired
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@Lazy
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private ClassA classA;
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@Autowired
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@Lazy
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private ClassB classB;
4. 构造器注入循环依赖实例
首先定义两个相互通过构造器注入依赖的bean。
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyA {
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private CircularDependencyB circB;
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@Autowired
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public CircularDependencyA(CircularDependencyB circB) {
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this.circB = circB;
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}
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}
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyB {
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private CircularDependencyA circA;
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@Autowired
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public CircularDependencyB(CircularDependencyA circA) {
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this.circA = circA;
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}
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}
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@Configuration
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@ComponentScan(basePackages = {
"com.baeldung.circulardependency" })
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public
class TestConfig {
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}
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class })
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public
class CircularDependencyTest {
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@Test
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public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() {
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// Empty test; we just want the context to load
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}
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}
运行方法givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails将会产生异常：BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘circularDependencyA’:
Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
重新设计结构，消除循环依赖。
一种最简单的消除循环依赖的方式是通过延迟加载。在注入依赖时，先注入代理对象，当首次使用时再创建对象完成注入。
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyA {
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private CircularDependencyB circB;
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@Autowired
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public CircularDependencyA(@Lazy CircularDependencyB circB) {
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this.circB = circB;
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}
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}
使用@Lazy后，运行代码，可以看到异常消除。
Spring文档建议的一种方式是使用setter注入。当依赖最终被使用时才进行注入。对前文的样例代码少做修改，来观察测试效果。
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyA {
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private CircularDependencyB circB;
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@Autowired
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public void setCircB(CircularDependencyB circB) {
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this.circB = circB;
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}
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public CircularDependencyB getCircB() {
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return circB;
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}
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}
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyB {
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private CircularDependencyA circA;
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private String message =
"Hi!";
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@Autowired
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public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) {
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this.circA = circA;
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}
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public String getMessage() {
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return message;
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}
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}
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class })
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public
class CircularDependencyTest {
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@Autowired
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ApplicationContext context;
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@Bean
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public CircularDependencyA getCircularDependencyA() {
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return
new CircularDependencyA();
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}
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@Bean
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public CircularDependencyB getCircularDependencyB() {
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return
new CircularDependencyB();
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}
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@Test
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public void givenCircularDependency_whenSetterInjection_thenItWorks() {
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CircularDependencyA circA = context.getBean(CircularDependencyA.class);
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Assert.assertEquals(
"Hi!", circA.getCircB().getMessage());
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}
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}
（4） 使用@PostConstruct
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyA {
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@Autowired
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private CircularDependencyB circB;
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@PostConstruct
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public void init() {
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circB.setCircA(
this);
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}
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public CircularDependencyB getCircB() {
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return circB;
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}
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}
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyB {
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private CircularDependencyA circA;
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private String message =
"Hi!";
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public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) {
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this.circA = circA;
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}
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public String getMessage() {
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return message;
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}
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（5）实现ApplicationContextAware与InitializingBean
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyA implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean {
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private CircularDependencyB circB;
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private ApplicationContext context;
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public CircularDependencyB getCircB() {
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return circB;
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}
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@Override
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public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
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circB = context.getBean(CircularDependencyB.class);
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}
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@Override
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public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException {
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context = ctx;
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}
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}
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@Component
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public
class CircularDependencyB {
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private CircularDependencyA circA;
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private String message =
"Hi!";
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@Autowired
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public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) {
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this.circA = circA;
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}
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public String getMessage() {
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return message;
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}
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}
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