Linux SSH登录慢问题解决

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 00:03:21 发布

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Linux服务器ssh登录时超级慢，需要几十秒。其它服务器均没有这个问题。平时登录操作都默默忍了。今天终于忍不住想搞清楚到底什么原因。搜索了一下发现了很多关于ssh登录慢的资料，于是自己也学着来分析、印证一下ssh登录慢的原因。

出现ssh登录慢一般有两个原因：DNS反向解析的问题和ssh的gssapi认证

1：ssh的gssapi认证问题

GSSAPI ( Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface) 是一套类似Kerberos 5 的通用网络安全系统接口。该接口是对各种不同的客户端服务器安全机制的封装，以消除安全接口的不同，降低编程难度。但该接口在目标机器无域名解析时会有问题，默认情况下，GSSAPIAuthentication在服务器端和客户端都激活的。如果DNS服务出现问题，那么登录过程要等到DNS查询超时后才能继续，这就是为什么SSH登录提示符要等很久才出现的原因。为什么ssh登录过程中要用到DNS解析服务呢？这个是GSSAPI认证方式需要的缘故。

所以在配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config(服务器)或/etc/ssh/ssh_config（客户端）将参数GSSAPIAuthentication设置为no可以解决ssh登录慢的问题。

2：DNS反向解析的问题

OpenSSH在用户登录的时候会验证IP，它根据用户的IP使用反向DNS找到主机名，再使用DNS找到IP地址，最后匹配一下登录的IP是否合法。如果客户机的IP没有域名，或者DNS服务器很慢或不通，那么登录就会很花时间。

首先可以在ssh命令后面加上“-v“ 参数，输出debug信息定位问题。具体操作为ssh -v root@serverip

root@rruoam-KVM:~# ssh -v root@172.21.6.76
OpenSSH_7.6p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.3, OpenSSL 1.0.2n  7 Dec 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to 172.21.6.76 [172.21.6.76] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_rsa type 0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.3
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to 172.21.6.76:22 as 'root'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:YmF4NFFQLbxSuTyNLHh9UtekoRyB8/Vt3b9RcLYWvdY
debug1: Host '172.21.6.76' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex
debug1: No valid Key exchange context
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0)

debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0)

debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:3M1SY2a+dVHLKnbsK3Je2MaG4uvnNWTgCEZ26SLvP0M /home/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Trying private key: /home/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Next authentication method: password
root@172.21.6.76's password: