不会真的学不会kotlin吧?(四)高阶函数

本文是根据慕课网kotlin相关课程本人笔记和个人理解所作
代码部分参考慕课网新kotlin入门课程

本章简介

这一章主要是kotlin的高阶函数,主要对let,also的使用和内联函数的定义了解

结构导图

在这里插入图片描述

高阶函数

参数包含函数或者返回函数类型

kotlin

fun main() {
    cost {
        val fibonacciNext = fibonacci()
        for (i in 0..10) {
            println(fibonacciNext())
        }
    }

    // region +折叠
    val intArray = IntArray(5){ it + 1 }
    intArray.forEach {
        println(it)
    }

    intArray.forEach(::println)

    intArray.forEach {
        println("Hello $it")
    }
    //endregion
}

//region +折叠
fun needsFunction(block: () -> Unit) {
    block()
}

fun returnsFunction(): () -> Long {
    return { System.currentTimeMillis() }
}
//endregion

fun cost(block: () -> Unit) {
    val start = System.currentTimeMillis()
    block()
    println("${System.currentTimeMillis() - start}ms")
}

fun fibonacci(): () -> Long {
    var first = 0L
    var second = 1L
    return {
        val next = first + second
        val current = first
        first = second
        second = next
        current
    }
}

内联函数

inline

kotlin

fun main() {
    //region local return
    val ints = intArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
    ints.forEach {
        if(it == 3) return@forEach
        println("Hello $it")
    }

    for (element in ints) {
        if(element == 3) continue
        println("Hello $element")
    }
    //endregion

    //region non-local return
    nonLocalReturn {
        //return
    }

    Runnable {
        println("xxx")
        println("yyy")
    }
    //endregion

    //region cost
    cost {
        println("Hello")
    }
    //endregion

    //region inline property
    money = 5.0
    //endregion
}

inline fun Runnable(noinline block: () -> Unit): Runnable {
    return object : Runnable {
        override fun run() {
            block()
        }
    }
}

public inline fun IntArray.forEach(crossinline action: (Int) -> Unit): Unit {
    for (element in this) action(element)
}

inline fun nonLocalReturn(block: () -> Unit){
    block()
}

inline fun hello(){
    println("Hello")
}

 inline fun cost(block: () -> Unit) {
    val start = System.currentTimeMillis()
    block()
    println(System.currentTimeMillis() - start)
}

var pocket: Double = 0.0
var money: Double
    inline get() = pocket
    inline set(value) {
         pocket = value
    }

常见高阶函数

let run alse apply use
函数名介绍推荐指数
letval r=X.let{x->R}3
runval r=X.run{this:X->R}1
alsoval x=X.also{x->Unit}3
applyval x=X.apply{this:X->Unit}1
useval r=Closeable.use{c->R}3

kotlin

fun main() {
    val person = Person("benny", 20)

    person.let(::println)
    person.run(::println)

    val person2 = person.also {
        it.name = "hhh"
    }

    val person3 = person.apply {
        name = "xxx"
    }

    File("build.gradle").inputStream().reader().buffered()
        .use {
            println(it.readLines())
        }



}

集合变换及序列

变化及聚合
函数名说明
filter保留满足条件的元素
map集合中的所有元素一一映射到其他元素构成新集合
flatMap集合中的所有元素一一映射到新集合并合 并这些集合得到新集合
函数名说明
sum所有元素求和
reduce将元素依次按规则聚合,结果与元素类型一致
fold给定初始化值,将元素按规则聚合,结果 与初始化值类型一致

kotlin

fun main() {
    val list = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)

    //region sequence
    list.asSequence()
            .filter {
                println("filter: $it")
                it % 2 == 0
            }.map {
                println("map: $it")
                it * 2 + 1
            }.forEach {
                println("forEach: $it")
            }
    //rxjava
    //endregion

    list.asSequence()
            .flatMap {
                (0 until it).asSequence()
            }
            .joinToString().let(::println)
    //rxjava


    region
    for (i in 0..10) {
        println(i)
    }

    for (e in list) {
        println(e)
    }

    var i = 0
    while (i++ < 10) {
        println(i)
    }

    do {
        println("Hello")
    } while (false)
    //endregion

    //region for each
    list.forEach {
        if (it == 2) {
            return@forEach
        }
        println(it)
    }

    list.forEach {
        if (it == 2) return@forEach
        println(it)
    }

    //region
    val newList = list.flatMap {
        ArrayList<String>(it)
    }

    list.filter { it % 2 == 0 }
    list.asSequence()
            .filter { it % 2 == 0 }

    list.asSequence()
            .map { it * 2 + 1 }

    list.asSequence()
            .flatMap {
                (0 until it).asSequence()
            }
            .joinToString().let(::println)

    list.fold(StringBuilder()) { acc, i ->
        acc.append(i)
    }

    list.asSequence()
            .filter {
                it % 2 == 0
            }.map {
                it * 2 + 1
            }.flatMap {
                (0 until it).asSequence()
            }.forEach(::println)
    endregion
}

SAM转换

SAM转换对比
JavaKotlin
Java接口支持支持
Kotlin接口支持不支持
Java方法支持支持
Kotlin函数(方法)支持不支持
抽象类不支持不支持

kotlin

fun main() {
    val executor: ExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()

    executor.submit(object : Runnable {
        override fun run() {
            println("run in executor.")
        }
    })

    executor.submit(Runnable {
        println("run in executor.")
    })


    executor.submit { println("run in executor.") }

    println("run in main thread.")

    submitRunnable {
        println("Hello")
    }

    submit {  }
}

fun Runnable(block: () -> Unit): Runnable {
    return object : Runnable {
        override fun run() {
            block()
        }
    }
}

fun submitRunnable(runnable: Runnable){
    runnable.run()
}

fun submit(invokable: Invokable) {
    invokable.invoke()
}

typealias FunctionX = ()->Unit

fun submit(lambda: FunctionX){

}

interface Invokable {
    fun invoke()
}
正确的添加删除SAM

kotlin

fun main() {
    val eventManager = EventManager()

    val onEvent = object : EventManager.OnEventListener {
        override fun onEvent(event: Int) {
            println("onEvent $event")
        }
    }

    val onEvent2 = EventManager.OnEventListener{
        println("onEvent $it")
    }

    // DO NOT use this.
//    val onEvent3 = { event: Int ->
//        println("onEvent $event")
//    }

    eventManager.addOnEventListener(onEvent)

    eventManager.removeOnEventListener(onEvent)

}

Demo

kotlin

fun main() {
    File("build.gradle").readText() // 1. read file
        .toCharArray() // 2.
        .filter{ !it.isWhitespace() } // 3. filter white space
        .groupBy { it }
        .map {
            it.key to it.value.size
        }.let {
            println(it)
        }
}

kotlin

interface Node {
    fun render(): String
}

class StringNode(val content: String): Node {
    override fun render(): String {
        return content
    }
}

class BlockNode(val name: String): Node {

    val children = ArrayList<Node>()
    val properties = HashMap<String, Any>()

    override fun render(): String {
        return """<$name ${properties.map { "${it.key}='${it.value}'" }.joinToString(" ")}>${children.joinToString(""){ it.render() }}</$name>"""
    }

    operator fun String.invoke(block: BlockNode.()-> Unit): BlockNode {
        val node = BlockNode(this)
        node.block()
        this@BlockNode.children += node
        return node
    }

    operator fun String.invoke(value: Any) {
        this@BlockNode.properties[this] = value
    }

    operator fun String.unaryPlus(){
        this@BlockNode.children += StringNode(this)
    }

}

fun html(block: BlockNode.() -> Unit): BlockNode {
    val html = BlockNode("html")
    html.block()
    return html
}

fun BlockNode.head(block: BlockNode.()-> Unit): BlockNode {
    val head = BlockNode("head")
    head.block()
    this.children += head
    return head
}

fun BlockNode.body(block: BlockNode.()-> Unit): BlockNode {
    val head = BlockNode("body")
    head.block()
    this.children += head
    return head
}

fun main() {
    val htmlContent = html {
        head {
            "meta" { "charset"("UTF-8") }
        }
        body {
            "div" {
                "style"(
                    """
                    width: 200px; 
                    height: 200px; 
                    line-height: 200px; 
                    background-color: #C9394A;
                    text-align: center
                    """.trimIndent()
                )
                "span" {
                    "style"(
                        """
                        color: white;
                        font-family: Microsoft YaHei
                        """.trimIndent()
                    )
                    +"Hello HTML DSL!!"
                }
            }
        }
    }.render()

    File("Kotlin.html").writeText(htmlContent)
}
interface Node {
    fun render(): String
}

class StringNode(val content: String): Node {
    override fun render(): String {
        return content
    }
}

class BlockNode(val name: String): Node {

    val children = ArrayList<Node>()
    val properties = HashMap<String, Any>()

    override fun render(): String {
        return """<$name ${properties.map { "${it.key}='${it.value}'" }.joinToString(" ")}>${children.joinToString(""){ it.render() }}</$name>"""
    }

    operator fun String.invoke(block: BlockNode.()-> Unit): BlockNode {
        val node = BlockNode(this)
        node.block()
        this@BlockNode.children += node
        return node
    }

    operator fun String.invoke(value: Any) {
        this@BlockNode.properties[this] = value
    }

    operator fun String.unaryPlus(){
        this@BlockNode.children += StringNode(this)
    }

}

fun html(block: BlockNode.() -> Unit): BlockNode {
    val html = BlockNode("html")
    html.block()
    return html
}

fun BlockNode.head(block: BlockNode.()-> Unit): BlockNode {
    val head = BlockNode("head")
    head.block()
    this.children += head
    return head
}

fun BlockNode.body(block: BlockNode.()-> Unit): BlockNode {
    val head = BlockNode("body")
    head.block()
    this.children += head
    return head
}

fun main() {
    val htmlContent = html {
        head {
            "meta" { "charset"("UTF-8") }
        }
        body {
            "div" {
                "style"(
                    """
                    width: 200px; 
                    height: 200px; 
                    line-height: 200px; 
                    background-color: #C9394A;
                    text-align: center
                    """.trimIndent()
                )
                "span" {
                    "style"(
                        """
                        color: white;
                        font-family: Microsoft YaHei
                        """.trimIndent()
                    )
                    +"Hello HTML DSL!!"
                }
            }
        }
    }.render()

    File("Kotlin.html").writeText(htmlContent)
}

kotlin

import java.util.*
fun main(args : Array<String>){
    println("Hello World!")
	val day = 1.days().ago()
    val day1 = 3.days.ago
	println(day)
	println(day1)
}

fun Int.days(): Pair<Int, Int> {
    return Pair(this, Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR))
}

fun Pair<Int, Int>.ago(): Int {
    return this.second - this.first
}


val Int.days: Pair<Int, Int>
    get() {
        return Pair(this, Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR))
    }


val Pair<Int, Int>.ago: Int
    get(){
        return this.second - this.first
    }
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