不会真的学不会kotlin吧？（六）泛型

本文是根据慕课网kotlin相关课程本人笔记和个人理解所作
代码部分参考慕课网新kotlin入门课程

本章简介

这一章主要介绍了泛型的使用，注意逆变和协变的区别

结构导图

泛型

kotlin

fun main() {
    val max : String = maxOf<String>("Hello", "World")

    //val list = List.Cons(1.0, List.Nil)

    val result : Result<String>? = Result.success("Hello")
    if(result != null){
        println(result.isSuccess)
    }


}

fun <T> maxOf(a: T, b: T): T {
    TODO()
}

sealed class IntList {
    object Nil : IntList(){
        override fun toString(): String {
            return "Nil"
        }
    }
    data class Cons(val head: Int, val tail: IntList) : IntList(){
        override fun toString(): String {
            return "$head, $tail"
        }
    }

    fun joinToString(sep: Char = ','): String {
        return when(this){
            Nil -> "Nil"
            is Cons -> "${this.head}$sep${this.tail.joinToString(sep)}"
        }
    }
}

sealed class List<T> {
    object Nil : List<Nothing>(){
        override fun toString(): String {
            return "Nil"
        }
    }
    data class Cons<E>(val head: E, val tail: List<E>) : List<E>(){
        override fun toString(): String {
            return "$head, $tail"
        }
    }

    fun joinToString(sep: Char = ','): String {
        return when(this){
            Nil -> "Nil"
            is Cons -> "${this.head}$sep${this.tail.joinToString(sep)}"
        }
    }
}

泛型约束

java

public class JavaConstraints {

    public static <T extends Comparable<T>> T maxOf(T a, T b) {
        if (a.compareTo(b) > 0) return a;
        else return b;
    }

    public static <T extends Comparable<T> & Supplier<R>, R extends Number>
    R callMax(T a, T b) {
        if (a.compareTo(b) > 0) return a.get();
        else return b.get();
    }

    public static void main(String... args) {

    }

}

kotlin

fun <T : Comparable<T>> maxOf(a: T, b: T): T {
    return if (a > b) a else b
}

fun <T, R> callMax(a: T, b: T): R
        where T : Comparable<T>, T : () -> R,
              R : Number {
    return if (a > b) a() else b()
}

class Map<K, V> where K : Serializable, V : Comparable<V>

fun main() {
    val max = maxOf("Hello", "World")
    println(max)
}

泛型型变

kotlin

fun main() {
    val pair = "Hello" to "World"

    val list = List.Cons(1.0, List.Nil)
}

interface Book

interface EduBook : Book

class BookStore<out T : Book> {
    fun getBook(): T {
        TODO()
    }
}

fun covariant(){
    val eduBookStore: BookStore<EduBook> = BookStore<EduBook>()
    val bookStore: BookStore<Book> = eduBookStore

    val book: Book = bookStore.getBook()
    val eduBook : EduBook = eduBookStore.getBook()
}





open class Waste

class DryWaste : Waste()

class Dustbin<in T : Waste> {
    fun put(t: T) {
        TODO()
    }
}

fun contravariant(){
    val dustbin: Dustbin<Waste> = Dustbin<Waste>()
    val dryWasteDustbin: Dustbin<DryWaste> = dustbin

    val waste = Waste()
    val dryWaste = DryWaste()

    dustbin.put(waste)
    dustbin.put(dryWaste)

//    dryWasteDustbin.put(waste)
    dryWasteDustbin.put(dryWaste)
}




sealed class List<out T> {
    object Nil : List<Nothing>() {
        override fun toString(): String {
            return "Nil"
        }
    }

    data class Cons<T>(val head: T, val tail: List<T>) : List<T>() {
        override fun toString(): String {
            return "$head, $tail"
        }
    }

    fun joinToString(sep: Char = ','): String {
        return when (this) {
            Nil -> "Nil"
            is Cons -> "${this.head}$sep${this.tail.joinToString(sep)}"
        }
    }
}

operator fun <T> List<T>.get(index: Int): T =
    when {
        index == 0 && this is List.Cons<T> -> this.head
        index > 0 && this is List.Cons<T> -> this.tail[index - 1]
        else -> throw IndexOutOfBoundsException()
    }

星投影

java

public class JavaRawTypes {

    public static void main(String... args) {
        HashMap<String, Integer> hashMap = getHashMap();
        //....
        HashMap map = hashMap;
        map.put("H", "Hello");
        //...
        Integer i = hashMap.get("H");
        System.out.println(i);
    }

    public static HashMap<String, Integer> getHashMap(){
        return new HashMap<String, Integer>();
    }

}

kotlin

fun main() {
    //region fold
    val queryMap: QueryMap<*, *> = QueryMap<String, Int>()
    queryMap.getKey()
    queryMap.getValue()

    val f: Function<*, *> = Function<Number, Any>()
    //f.invoke()

    if (f is Function) {
        (f as Function<Number, Any>).invoke(1, Any())
    }

    maxOf(1, 3)

    HashMap<String, List<*>>()
    //endregion

    val hashMap: HashMap<*, *> = HashMap<String, Int>()
    //hashMap.get()

}


//region fold
class QueryMap<out K : CharSequence, out V : Any> {
    fun getKey(): K = TODO()
    fun getValue(): V = TODO()
}

fun <T : Comparable<T>> maxOf(a: T, b: T): T {
    return if (a > b) a else b
}

class Function<in P1, in P2> {
    fun invoke(p1: P1, p2: P2) = Unit
}

EG

kotlin

inline fun <reified T: AbsModel> modelOf(): ModelDelegate<T> {
    return ModelDelegate(T::class)
}

class ModelDelegate<T : AbsModel>(val kClass: KClass<T>) : ReadOnlyProperty<Any, T> {
    override fun getValue(thisRef: Any, property: KProperty<*>): T {
        return Models.run { kClass.get() }
    }
}

object Models {
    private val modelMap = ConcurrentHashMap<Class<out AbsModel>, AbsModel>()

    fun <T : AbsModel> KClass<T>.get(): T {
        return modelMap[this.java] as T
    }

    fun AbsModel.register() {
        modelMap[this.javaClass] = this
    }
}

abstract class AbsModel {
    init {
        Models.run { register() }
    }
}

class DatabaseModel : AbsModel() {
    fun query(sql: String): Int = 0
}

class NetworkModel : AbsModel() {
    fun get(url: String): String = """{"code": 0}"""
}

val x: Int
    get() {
        return Math.random().toInt()
    }

class MainViewModel {
    val databaseModel by modelOf<DatabaseModel>()
    val networkModel by modelOf<NetworkModel>()
}

fun initModels() {
    DatabaseModel()
    NetworkModel()
}

fun main() {
    initModels()
    val mainViewModel = MainViewModel()
    mainViewModel.databaseModel.query("select * from mysql.user").let(::println)
    mainViewModel.networkModel.get("https://www.imooc.com").let(::println)
}