剑指offer之表示数值的字符串

题目

请实现一个函数用来判断字符串是否表示数值（包括整数和小数）。例如，字符串"+100",“5e2”,"-123",“3.1416"和”-1E-16"都表示数值。 但是"12e",“1a3.14”,“1.2.3”,"±5"和"12e+4.3"都不是。

解题思路

有限状态自动机。正好复习下有限状态自动机的方法。DFA的基本方法是使用一个while死循环，作为底层驱动，然后有个状态标记再各个状态之间进行变换。这类题目的难点往往在于如何正确的划分各个状态。下面给出本题目的状态图：

核心的思想在于，区分了各种类型数据和符号的状态

AC代码

class Solution {
public:
    enum STATE { START, INT, SIGNED1, POINT, EXP, FLOAT, SCIENCE, SIGNED2 };
    bool isNumeric(char* str)
    {
        if (str == nullptr) {
            return false;
        }

        STATE state = STATE::START;
        int i = 0;
        while (true) {
            switch (state)
            {
            case STATE::START:
                if (str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-') {
                    state = STATE::SIGNED1;
                }
                else if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::INT;
                }
                else if (str[i] == '.') {
                    state = STATE::POINT;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::SIGNED1:
                if (str[i] == '.') {
                    state = STATE::POINT;
                }
                else if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::INT;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::POINT:
                if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::FLOAT;
                } 
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::INT:
                if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::INT;
                }
                else if (str[i] == '\0') {  // 结束状态
                    return true;
                }
                else if (str[i] == '.') {
                    state = STATE::FLOAT;
                }
                else if (str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'e') {
                    state = STATE::EXP;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::FLOAT:
                if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::FLOAT;
                }
                else if (str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'E') {
                    state = STATE::EXP;
                }
                else if (str[i] == '\0') {
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::EXP:
                if (str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-') {
                    state = STATE::SIGNED2;
                }
                else if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::SCIENCE;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::SCIENCE:
                if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::SCIENCE;
                }
                else if (str[i] == '\0') {
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case STATE::SIGNED2:
                if (isdigit(str[i])) {
                    state = STATE::SCIENCE;
                }
                else {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            default:
                return false;
            }
            ++i;  // 移动指针
        }
    }

};