Callable和Future的应用

Future取得的结果类型和Callable返回的结果类型必须一致, 这是通过泛型来实现的

Callable要采用ExecutorService的submit方法提交, 返回的future对象可以取消任务

代码

package mutithread.threadpool;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class CallableAndFuture {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
		Future<String> future = threadPool.submit(new Callable<String>() {
			@Override
			public String call() throws Exception {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
				return "hello";
			}
		});
		System.out.println("等待结果");
		try {
			System.out.println("拿到结果: " + future.get());// 任务没有执行完毕会一直阻塞
			System.out.println("拿到结果: " + future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));// 指定1秒等待任务执行
																			// 如果1秒后任务还没有执行完毕
																			// 则不继续等待并抛出java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		threadPool.shutdown();
	}
}

CompletionService用于提交一组Callable任务, 其take方法返回已完成的一个Callable任务对应的Future对象

好比我同时种了几块地的麦子, 然后就等待收割. 收割时, 则是哪块先成熟了, 则先去收割哪块麦子

代码

ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
ExecutorCompletionService<Integer> completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService<>(threadPool);
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
	final int taskId = i;
	completionService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
		@Override
		public Integer call() throws Exception {
			Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(5000));// 睡眠不超过5秒
			return taskId;
		}
	});
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
	try {
		Future<Integer> future = completionService.take();// 会得到最先完成任务的future
		System.out.println(future.get());
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}
threadPool.shutdown();

Future模式非常适合在处理耗时很长的业务逻辑时进行使用, 可以有效的减小系统的响应时间, 提高系统的吞吐量