1.朴素贝叶斯法是典型的生成学习方法,利用训练数据学习P(X|Y)和P(Y)的估计,得到联合概率分布:
P(X,Y)=P(Y)P(X|Y)
2.概率估计方法:极大似然估计或贝叶斯估计
3.朴素贝叶斯法的基本假设:条件独立性
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from collections import Counter
import math
# data
def create_data():
iris = load_iris()
df = pd.DataFrame(iris.data, columns=iris.feature_names)
df['label'] = iris.target
df.columns = ['sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width', 'label']
data = np.array(df.iloc[:100, :])
# print(data)
return data[:,:-1], data[:,-1]
X, y = create_data()
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3)
class NaiveBayes:
def __init__(self):
self.model=None
def mean(self,x):
return sum(x)/float(len(x))
def stdev(self,x): #方差
avg =self.mean(x)
mid_var = sum([pow(i-avg,2) for i in x])/float(len(x))
return math.sqrt(mid_var)
#概率密度函数 特征的可能性被假设为高斯
def gaussian_probability(self,x,mean,stdev):
exponent = math.exp(-(math.pow(x-mean,2)/(2*math.pow(stdev,2))))
return (1/(math.sqrt(2*math.pi)*stdev))*exponent
def summarize(self,data_train):
summaries = [(self.mean(i),self.stdev(i)) for i in zip(*data_train)]
#zip(*data) 前面加*号表示对data的列进行迭代打包 不加表示对data每行迭代打包
return summaries
def fit(self,x,y):
labels = list(set(y))
data = {label: [] for label in labels}
for f,label in zip(x,y):
data[label].append(f)
self.model = {label: self.summarize(value) for label,value in data.items()}
return "train done"
def caculate_probabilities(self,input_data):#计算概率
probabilities = {}
for label,value in self.model.items():
probabilities[label]=1
for i in range(len(value)):
mean,stdev = value[i]
probabilities[label] *= self.gaussian_probability(input_data[i],mean,stdev)
return probabilities
def predict(self, x_test):
label = sorted(self.caculate_probabilities(x_test).items(),key = lambda x:x[-1])[-1][0]
return label
def score(self,x_test,y_test):
right=0
for x,y in zip(x_test,y_test):
label=self.predict(x)
if label==y:
right+=1
return right/float(len(x_test))
#测试
model=NaiveBayes()
model.fit(X_train,y_train)
model.score(X_test,y_test)
sklearn 实现:
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
clf = GaussianNB()
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)、
clf.score(X_test, y_test)
from sklearn.naive_bayes import BernoulliNB, MultinomialNB # 伯努利模型和多项式模型