centos7安装mysql-8，找到初始默认密码、登陆、修改密码，远程访问，远程连接数据库授权，设置简单密码。
1、下载
下载mysql官网地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=484537.点击页面底部No thanks, just start my download.开始下载。
2、安装
- 解压安装包：tar -xvf mysql-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar；
- 文件安装顺序：common --> libs --> client --> server --> devel。(devel可不装)安装命令：rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
- 当提示“mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64 取代”，是lib和系统自带的冲突，删除后继续：yum remove mysql-libs -y
- 依赖缺失时“net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64 需要”，直接安装缺失的依赖：yum install net-tools -y
- 过程如下：
[root@localhost mysql]# ll --进入上传文件的目录,查看文件
总用量 508952
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 521164800 4月 15 14:36 mysql-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64 取代
[root@localhost mysql]# yum remove mysql-libs -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror *************** 完毕！
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64 需要
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install net-tools -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror ***************** 完毕！
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-devel-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
pkgconfig(openssl) 被 mysql-community-devel-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64 需要
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install openssl-devel -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror ******************** 完毕！
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3、找到密码、登陆、修改密码
- 找到安装日志：/var/log/mysqld.log
- 查看日志中的密码：A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #+Tp!)#Fv6e;(注意：分号也属于密码)
-
[root@localhost /]# cd /var/log/ [root@localhost log]# cat mysqld.log 2019-04-16T02:32:17.449527Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.15) initializing of server in progress as process 7205 2019-04-16T02:32:25.466789Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #+Tp!)#Fv6e; - 重启MySQL服务：service mysqld restart 或者 /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service（这里没有设置，只能用第二个方法启动）
- 登陆：mysql -u root -p，密码是前面查看日志得到的。
- 修改登陆密码：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'QWE123@qweasd';如果提示“Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements”，而自己又不想设置那么复杂的密码，看最后步骤修改密码校验。在这里设置密码校验的话，flush privileges;会重置原先从状态。
- 开放所有ip地址都能访问：CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root123';root123是你自己设置的密码，若执行开放指定ip能访问，把%换成ip地址。
- 修改加密方式：ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root123';MySQL8默认是caching_sha2_password
- 开放防火墙端口
- 查看防火墙开放的端口。firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
- 开启防火墙端口3306：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost /]# service mysqld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@localhost /]# /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@localhost /]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 8.0.15
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'QWE123@qweasd';
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+---------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string | plugin |
+---------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root | $A$005$dk,F%
L^} :S~YKphTcC.p3U1zuJjR1ZRL6zcMxyVLV4a3X9Uey9o6aQS3 | caching_sha2_password |
+---------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+---------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string | plugin |
+---------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| % | root | *FAAFFE644E901CFAFAEC7562415E5FAEC243B8B2 | mysql_native_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root | $A$005$dk,F%
L^} :S~YKphTcC.p3U1zuJjR1ZRL6zcMxyVLV4a3X9Uey9o6aQS3 | caching_sha2_password |
+---------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
80/tcp 8080/tcp 8081/tcp 8761/tcp
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
80/tcp 8080/tcp 3306/tcp 8081/tcp 8761/tcp远程连接数据库授权
- 创建数据库：CREATE SCHEMA `testd_atabase` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci ;
- 授权远程连接：grant all on testd_atabase.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root123' with grant option;
- 如果在客户端创建表时报错："Error 1142: CREATE command denied to user 'root'@'192.168.85.1' for table 'test_table'"，查看user表中'root'@'%'没有grant的权限：select Grant_priv,Super_priv from user where user = 'root' and host = '%';(如果你是指定的IP权限，这里的%换成指定的IP)，结果改为“Y”，我是设置全部为“Y”，建议不要
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 8.0.15 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> CREATE SCHEMA `testd_atabase` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci ; Query OK, 1 row affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | testd_atabase | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all on testd_atabase.* to 'root'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> update mysql.user set Grant_priv='Y',Super_priv='Y' ; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 5 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0 mysql> select host,Grant_priv,Super_priv from mysql.user ; +-----------+------------+------------+ | host | Grant_priv | Super_priv | +-----------+------------+------------+ | % | Y | Y | | localhost | Y | Y | | localhost | Y | Y | | localhost | Y | Y | | localhost | Y | Y | +-----------+------------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service到这里，就可以访问你的远程操作数据库了。
附：
设置登陆密码的复杂度。在设置登陆密码时，总会提示：“Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements”。
- 首先查看密码规则： SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
- length设置：set global validate_password.length=4;
- policy设置：set global validate_password.policy=0;
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------+--------+ | validate_password.check_user_name | ON | | validate_password.dictionary_file | | | validate_password.length | 8 | | validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password.number_count | 1 | | validate_password.policy | MEDIUM | | validate_password.special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+--------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> set global validate_password.length=4; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------+-------+ | validate_password.check_user_name | ON | | validate_password.dictionary_file | | | validate_password.length | 4 | | validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password.number_count | 1 | | validate_password.policy | LOW | | validate_password.special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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