JPA学习

JPA学习

什么是orm

object-relational-mapper:对象关系映射，就是建立对象与数据库之间的映射关系，就是orm

对象关系映射可以大大的减少重复性的代码，提高开发效率；

常见的orm框架：hibernate

目的：达到操作类一样操作数据库；

什么是JPA

是sum公司提供的一套持久层操作规范；

底层可以使用hibernate进行数据库操作；

JPA入门案例

在META-INF下编写配置文件persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
    <!-- 配置持久化单元
    name: 持久化单元名称
    transaction-type： 事务类型
            RESOURCE_LOCAL： 本地事务
            JTA： 跨数据库事务【分布式事务】
    -->
    <persistence-unit name="myJpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <!-- 配置提供商 -->
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
        <!-- 其他属性 -->
        <properties>
            <!-- 链接数据库的四要素 -->
            <!-- mysql-->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springjpa?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"></property>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="root"></property>

            <!--Oracle
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"></property>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@dbnode01:1521:xe"></property>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="feifei"></property>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="passw0rd"></property>-->

            <!-- 其他属性 : 显示sql语句-->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"></property>
            <!-- 其他属性：让hibernate维护表结构
            create:  先删除表，再创建表
            update:  有表，就维护表；没有表就更新表
            none:    什么也不干
            -->
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="none"></property>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

编写与数据库对应的实体类

package com.itheima.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 客户实体类
 *
 *      导的所有类： javax.persistence
 */
//把一个类标记成实体类
@Entity
//映射表名称
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer implements Serializable {

    //把一个属性标记成主键属性
    @Id
    //配置主键生成的策略
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //适用于： Mysql，主键自动增长
    //@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE) //适用于： Oracle，使用序列机制
    //指定序列
    /*@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator = "customer_id")
    @SequenceGenerator(
            //名称，给别人引用
            name="customer_id",
            //数据库中序列的名称
            sequenceName = "SEQ_CUSTOMER_ID",
            //指定序列的初始值
            initialValue = 1,
            //增量：步长
            allocationSize = 1
    )*/
    //@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE) //使用表来维护id
    //@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) //根据环境选择最优策略
    //映射字段
    @Column(name="cust_id")
    private Long custId;

    @Column(name="cust_name")
    private String custName;

    @Column(name="cust_level")
    private String custLevel;

    @Column(name="cust_source")
    private String custSource;

    @Column(name="cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry;

    @Column(name="cust_address")
    private String custAddress;

    @Column(name="cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;

    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }

    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }

    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }

    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }

    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }

    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }

    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }

    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }

    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }

    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }

    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }

    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }

    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试

import com.itheima.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

public class DemoTest {
   @Test
   public void test01(){
       EntityManagerFactory myJpa = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
       EntityManager entityManager = myJpa.createEntityManager();
       EntityTransaction transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
       transaction.begin();

       Customer customer = new Customer();
       customer.setCustName("nihap");

       entityManager.persist(customer);
       transaction.commit();

       entityManager.close();
       myJpa.close();
   }
}

主键生成策略有4种

@GenetaredValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)这个比较常用
-------------------------------------------------------
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="payablemoney_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name="payablemoney_seq", sequenceName="seq_payment")
-------------------------------------------------------
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
-------------------------------------------------------
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE, generator="payablemoney_gen")
@TableGenerator(name = "pk_gen",
table="tb_generator",
pkColumnName="gen_name",
valueColumnName="gen_value",
pkColumnValue="PAYABLEMOENY_PK",
allocationSize=1
)

Manager方法

这是简单查询：
    getTransaction : 获取事务对象
    persist ： 保存操作
    merge ： 更新操作
    remove ： 删除操作
    find/getReference ： 根据 id 查询
        其中就是find和getReference的区别
        find：不管要不要使用都会生成sql语句
        getReference:是预编译对象，意思就是要用的时候才会生成sql语句，不用的时候是不会生成的；
复杂查询：
	编写jpql语句：
        全部查询：
               String jpql = "from Customer";
               Query query = manager.createQuery(jpql);
               List resultList = query.getResultList();
		分页查询：
			   Query query = manager.createQuery(jpql);
               query.setFirstResult(0);
               query.setMaxResults(2);
               List resultList = query.getResultList();
		条件查询：
			   String jpql = "from Customer where custName like ?";
               Query query = manager.createQuery(jpql);
               query.setParameter(1,"n%");
               Object singleResult = query.getSingleResult();会根据你的得到的数据判断，如果				是一条就不会错，如果是多条就会报错；
               System.out.println(singleResult);
		排序查询：
				String jpql = "from Customer order by custId desc";
		统计查询：
			   String jpql = "select count(custId) from Customer"；