一步一步重构HelloWorld

重构HelloWorld

1.最简单的HelloWorld

没有任何的可扩展性!

package com.fkit.fk1;
public class SimpleHelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //不具有扩展性
        System.out.println("hello,world");
    }
}

2.重构方案

2.1 使用接口重构

渲染器

使用接口重构

package com.fkit.fk1;

//重构消息检索逻辑
interface MessageProvider {
    String getMessage();
}
class HelloWorldMessageProvider implements MessageProvider {

    @Override
    public String getMessage() {
        return "hello,world!";
    }
}
//重构渲染消息的组件
interface MessageRender {
    MessageProvider getMessageProvider();

    void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider);

    void render();

}
class StandardOutMessageRender implements MessageRender {

    private MessageProvider provider;

    @Override
    public MessageProvider getMessageProvider() {
        return this.provider;
    }

    @Override
    public void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider) {
        this.provider = provider;
    }

    @Override
    public void render() {
        if (provider == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "You must set the property messageProvide of class:" +
                            StandardOutMessageRender.class.getName());
        }
        System.out.println(provider.getMessage());
    }
}

public class RebuildHelloWorld {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MessageProvider provider = new HelloWorldMessageProvider();
        MessageRender render = new StandardOutMessageRender();
        render.setMessageProvider(provider);
        render.render();
    }
}

2.2 使用简单工厂

配置文件pros.properties

providerClass = com.fkit.fk1.HelloWorldMessageProvider
renderClass = com.fkit.fk1.StandardOutMessageRender

工厂类

package com.fkit.fk1;

import java.util.Properties;

//简单工厂，可以从属性文件读取实现类的名称并创建实例
public class MessageSupportFactory {
    //单例
    private static MessageSupportFactory factory;
    //操作属性文件的Properties类
    private Properties properties;
    //声明MessageProvider、MessageRender接口变量
    private MessageProvider provider;
    private MessageRender render;

    //静态代码块，在程序加载时执行1次，创建工厂实例
    static {
        factory = new MessageSupportFactory();
    }

    //工厂方法
    private MessageSupportFactory() {
        try {
            properties = new Properties();
            //加载properties配置文件
            properties.load(this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/props.properties"));
            //读取配置文件中的key-value
            String providerClass = properties.getProperty("providerClass");
            String renderClass = properties.getProperty("renderClass");
            //根据配置文件中的全限定类名利用反射机制创建实例
            this.provider = (HelloWorldMessageProvider) Class.forName(providerClass).newInstance();
            this.render = (StandardOutMessageRender) Class.forName(renderClass).newInstance();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //返回工厂实例
    public static MessageSupportFactory getInstance() {
        return factory;
    }

    //返回MessageProvider接口引用的实例
    public MessageProvider getProvider() {
        return provider;
    }

    //返回MessageRender接口引用的实例
    public MessageRender getRender() {
        return render;
    }
}

接口、接口实现类、main方法

package com.fkit.fk1;

//重构消息检索逻辑
interface MessageProvider {
    String getMessage();
}

class HelloWorldMessageProvider implements MessageProvider {

    @Override
    public String getMessage() {
        return "hello,world!";
    }
}

//重构渲染消息的组件
interface MessageRender {
    MessageProvider getMessageProvider();

    void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider);

    void render();

}

class StandardOutMessageRender implements MessageRender {

    private MessageProvider provider;

    @Override
    public MessageProvider getMessageProvider() {
        return this.provider;
    }

    @Override
    public void setMessageProvider(MessageProvider provider) {
        this.provider = provider;
    }

    @Override
    public void render() {
        if (provider == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "You must set the property messageProvide of class:" +
                            StandardOutMessageRender.class.getName());
        }
        System.out.println(provider.getMessage());
    }
}

public class RebuildHelloWorld {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        MessageProvider provider = new HelloWorldMessageProvider();
//        MessageRender render = new StandardOutMessageRender();
//        render.setMessageProvider(provider);
//        render.render();

        //获取工厂实例
        MessageSupportFactory factory = MessageSupportFactory.getInstance();
        //从工厂中获取实例，不需要自己new对象了，这样可以解耦
        MessageProvider provider = factory.getProvider();
        MessageRender render = factory.getRender();
        render.setMessageProvider(provider);
        render.render();
    }
}

2.3 Spring重构 xml方式

1.导入spring所需的jar包

导入

• spring的beans、context、core、expression模块
• apache commons logging包

2.配置application-context.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--HelloWorldMessageProvider Bean-->
    <bean id="provider"
          class="com.fkit.fk1.HelloWorldMessageProvider"/>
    <!--配置StandardOutMessageRender的Bean，利用p命名空间将provider注入到render中（render依赖provider）-->
    <bean id="renderer"
          class="com.fkit.fk1.StandardOutMessageRender"
          p:messageProvider-ref = "provider"/>
</beans>

3.main方法

package com.fkit.fk1;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

//使用Spring重构
public class HelloWorldSpringDI {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            ApplicationContext ctx =
                    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application-context.xml");
            MessageRender mr = ctx.getBean("renderer", MessageRender.class);
            mr.render();
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.4 Spring重构-注解方式

spring3之后，可以使用注解和配置类。
配置类是【@Configuration注解】的Java类，使用【@Bean注解】或者【@ComponentScanning注解】对bean注解。

配置类HelloWorldConfiguration

package com.fkit.fk1;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class HelloWorldConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public MessageProvider provider() {
        return new HelloWorldMessageProvider();
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageRender renderer() {
        MessageRender render = new StandardOutMessageRender();
        render.setMessageProvider(provider());
        return render;
    }
}

main方法

package com.fkit.fk1;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

//使用Spring重构
public class HelloWorldSpringDI {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        try {
//            ApplicationContext ctx =
//                    new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application-context.xml");
//            MessageRender mr = ctx.getBean("renderer", MessageRender.class);
//            mr.render();
//        } catch (BeansException e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }

        try {
            ApplicationContext ctx =
                    new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
            MessageRender render = ctx.getBean("renderer",MessageRender.class);
            render.render();
        } catch (BeansException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}