1. SSM整合的概述
什么是SSM整合
所谓SSM,即SpringMVC+Spring +mybatis,标准的MVC设计模式,将整个系统划分为web、service层、DAO层。Spring MVC、spring、mybatis各司其职,在整个框架中有着不同的作用。
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Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架,主要实现业务对象管理;
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Spring MVC框架,通过实现MVC模式将数据、业务与展现进行分离,主要负责 请求的转发和视图管理;
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MyBatis 是一个基于Java的持久层框架,作为 数据对象的持久化 引擎;
2.SSM整合:搭建Spring环境
步骤
只写了业务层
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创建maven项目:在pom.xml中添加依赖
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编写User实体类
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编写UserSevice接口和实现类:查询所有用户
注:暂时没有写DAO层访问数据库,只是打印一句话
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编写Spring的配置文件:applicationContext.xml
注:配置注解只扫描业务层,不要扫描controller,避免多次扫描,出现问题
-
使用Spring Test进行测试
代码
-
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.it</groupId>
<artifactId>day50_02_SSM</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--统一Spring的版本-->
<properties>
<!-- 定义属性 -->
<spring_version>5.2.0.RELEASE</spring_version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringMVC支持包,包含了Spring的核心包和上下文包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<!-- 引用属性 -->
<version>${spring_version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--SpringJDBC支持包,包含了事务处理的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring_version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring测试包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring_version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--面向切点编程的aspectj-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--MyBatis核心包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring整合Mybatis支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库驱动包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
<!--druid连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--jstl支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--servlet配置可选-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--json转换工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Log4j 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.编写User实体类,封装数据
package com.it.entity;
import lombok.Data;
//如果写成java.util.Date Spring不会自动转换
import java.sql.Date;
@Data
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private Date birthday;
private char sex;
private String address;
}
3.编写UserSevice接口和实现类
接口
package com.it.entity.service;
import com.it.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
用户业务接口
*/
public interface UserService {
/**
查询所有用户
*/
List<User> findAll();
}
4.UserServiceImpl 实现类,并没有真实查询数据库
package com.it.service.impl;
import com.it.entity.User;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import java.util.List;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
/**
* 查询所有用户
*/
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
System.out.println("查询所有用户");
return null;
}
}
5.applicationContext.xml
注:只要扫描业务层的包即可
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 注:这里只扫描是业务层,不要出现重复扫描要情况 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.it.service"/>
</beans>
6.使用Spring Test中测试
package com.it.test;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class TestUser {
@Autowired
public UserService userService;
@Test
public void testFindAll() {
userService.findAll();
}
}
7.log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
log4j.category.org.springframework=info
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
3.SSM整合:搭建SpringMVC环境
1.将maven项目使用插件转成Web项目
2.将页面放到到webapp目录下
3.web.xml配置前端控制器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!--Spring MVC的servlet配置-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 汉字乱码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
4.springMVC.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--1. 控制器包的注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.it.controller"/>
<!--2. 视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--页面前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
<!--页面后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--3. 注册驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--4. 静态资源由默认Servlet处理-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
</beans>
5.UserController控制器,添加进SpringIoC容器,使用RESTful风格操作。
package com.it.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
//GET查询
@GetMapping
public ModelAndView findAll() {
return new ModelAndView("user-list", "userList", null);
}
}
6. SSM整合:Spring整合SpringMVC
关键点
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在项目启动时候,加载web.xml
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web.xml中目前只加载了springMVC.xml
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需要在web.xml中加载applicationContext.xml
ContextLoaderListener监听器作用
ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener这个接口,在web.xml配置这个监听器,启动容器时会加载applicationContext.xml配置文件。
如果在web.xml中不写任何参数配置信息,默认的路径是/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
步骤
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配置web.xml
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配置Spring提供的ContextLoaderListener监听器
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读取全局的配置参数contextConfigLocation,加载Spring的配置文件
-
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修改controller控制器类,注入service对象
代码
-
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!--Spring MVC的servlet配置-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 加载Spring的配置文件 -->
<listener>
<!-- 实现了上下文域创建和销毁的监听器,在web容器启动的时候加载配置文件 -->
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 指定spring的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 汉字乱码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.在控制器中注入:UserService
package com.it.controller;
import com.it.entity.User;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
//GET查询
@GetMapping
public ModelAndView findAll() {
List<User> userList = userService.findAll();
return new ModelAndView("user-list", "userList", userList);
}
}
Spring和SpringMVC框架整合本质
Spring和SpringMVC框架的整合本质上是两个Spring容器的整合,因为我们知道SpringMVC框架本质也是一个Spring容器,所以这里所谓的整合就是在web容器中配置两个Spring容器,并让他们各司其职。
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Spring管理service,dao,事务等相关的组件的注入
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SpringMVC管理控制器相关的组件controller。
父子容器
Spring容器对应的是父容器,SpringMVC容器对应的是子容器。从容器里面getBean的时候,先从本容器取,如果取不到再从父容器取。
IoC容器体系中可以有多个子容器,但是父容器只有一个。不同的子容器之间不能共享bean,但是子容器都可以获得父容器中的bean信息。
父容器和子容器被初始化后会以属性的形式被存储在ServletContext上下文域中以供调用。因此处理器对象(子容器中)可以获取Service对象(父容器)并且注入,反过来业务对象不能获取处理器对象。
4. SSM整合:Spring整合MyBatis环境
要点
-
把mybatis-config.xml中配置放到applicationContext.xml中,包含以下内容
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加载jdbc.properties的配置
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数据库连接池的配置
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加载DAO接口文件的配置
-
-
在applicationContext文件中完成mybatis中相关的配置:
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SqlSessionFactoryBean把SqlSessionFactory的创建,交给Spring完成
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MapperScannerConfigurer扫描DAO接口所在的包
-
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配置声明式事务处理业务层的事务
代码
1.jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/数据库名?characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
2.配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 注:这里只扫描是业务层,不要出现重复扫描要情况 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.it.service"/>
<!--1. 加载jdbc.properties的配置-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!--2. 数据库连接池的配置-->
<bean class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" id="dataSource">
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
</bean>
<!-- spring整合mybaits -->
<!--1. 把SqlSessionFactory的创建,交给Spring完成-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 加载mybatis的配置文件,可选-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<!-- 将这个类下所有的实体类定义别名,可选 -->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.it.entity"/>
</bean>
<!--2. 扫描DAO接口所在的包-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!--
扫描dao包,做了以下事:
1) 将dao下所有接口生成代理对象,放在Spring容器中
2) 如果下面有xml的映射文件,解析xml文件
-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.it.dao"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置声明式事务 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 事务注解驱动,指定事务管理器,注:不要导错命名空间:tx -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
3.mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--在控制台显示SQL语句-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
<!--映射下划线为驼峰命名法-->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
4.修改service,注入dao,直接调用dao方法
package com.it.service.impl;
import com.it.dao.UserDao;
import com.it.entity.User;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
/**
* 查询所有用户
*/
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
return userDao.findAll();
}
}
5.测试类
package com.it.test;
import com.it.entity.User;
import com.it.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class TestUser {
@Autowired
public UserService userService;
@Test
public void testFindAll() {
List<User> users = userService.findAll();
users.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}