CCNP7-OSPF LSA

一类

查看R1路由器产生的一类lsa

R1#sho ip ospf database router 91.1.1.1

            OSPF Router with ID (91.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 1)

  LS age: 881	//30分钟周期更新,周期更新时间1800s,老化时间3600s;
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links				--|
  Link State ID: 91.1.1.1			--|-- 唯一标识一条lsa
  Advertising Router: 91.1.1.1		--|
  LS Seq Number: 80000005
  Checksum: 0x54FA
  Length: 60
  Number of Links: 3

    Link connected to: a Stub Network	//1,描述路由信息
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 1.1.1.1
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)	//2,描述点对点的邻居关系;3,ma网络中显示为 a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 92.2.2.2
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 12.1.1.1
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64

    Link connected to: a Stub Network		
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 12.1.1.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64
LSA类别名传播范围通告者(更新源)携带信息link-id
LSA1 router本地所在区域本区域每台路由器(RID)1,本地直连路由;2,拓扑信息,我是如何和邻居连接的,比如点对点,ma网络通告者的RID

二类

由于一类LSA不能完整的描述ma网络中的结构,因此需要二类lsa来补充,比如查看R3路由器的一类lsa

R3#sho ip ospf database router 93.3.3.3 

            OSPF Router with ID (93.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 0)

  LS age: 2014
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 93.3.3.3
  Advertising Router: 93.3.3.3
  LS Seq Number: 80000006
  Checksum: 0x5E65
  Length: 72
  Number of Links: 4

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 3.3.3.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 34.1.1.2
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 34.1.1.1
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
     (Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 92.2.2.2
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 23.1.1.2
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 23.1.1.0
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 64

可以通过一类lsa画出拓扑图
在这里插入图片描述
我是93.3.3.3,和我连接的一个92.2.2.2的路由器所在网段为23.1.1.0,我有一个3.3.3.0网段的直连路由,我还通过34.1.1.1接口连接了一个DR接口为34.1.1.2的接口,这样是把图的左半部分描述清楚了,但图的右半部分,只知道连接了一个MA网络,连接了一个DR的接口,具体信息是不知道的。因此需要二类lsa描述MA网络中的情况,而二类lsa只能由DR产生,即图中的R4
查看R4的lsa

R4#sho ip ospf database network         

            OSPF Router with ID (94.4.4.4) (Process ID 100)

                Net Link States (Area 0)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 611
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Network Links
  Link State ID: 34.1.1.2 (address of Designated Router)
  Advertising Router: 94.4.4.4
  LS Seq Number: 80000004
  Checksum: 0x864F
  Length: 32
  Network Mask: /24
        Attached Router: 94.4.4.4
        Attached Router: 93.3.3.3

1,描述了ma网络中的掩码/24
2,描述了ma网络中的路由器
加上二类lsa,这个图就可以画完整了
在这里插入图片描述

LSA类别名传播范围通告者(更新源)携带信息link-id
LSA1 router本地所在区域本区域每台路由器(RID)本地直连拓扑:1,本地直连路由;2,拓扑信息,我是如何和邻居连接的,比如点对点,ma网络通告者的RID
LSA2 network本地所在区域DR(RID)单个MA网段的拓扑:1,ma网络中的路由器;2,网络掩码DR的接口ip地址

三类

一类二类完整的描述了一个区域内的拓扑,但是区域外是不知道的,因此需要用三类lsa来描述
三类lsa由ABR产生,描述域间路由
比如在R3上查看三类lsa

R3#sho ip ospf database summary 1.1.1.0

            OSPF Router with ID (93.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 373
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.0 (summary Network Number)
  Advertising Router: 92.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x880E
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /24
        TOS: 0  Metric: 65 

此条lsa是由R2产生的,我R3要去1.1.1.0网段要找R2,同理,R4也一样,
但在R5上查看三类lsa时

R5#sho ip os database summary 1.1.1.0

            OSPF Router with ID (95.5.5.5) (Process ID 100)

                Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 529
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.0 (summary Network Number)
  Advertising Router: 94.4.4.4
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0xD874
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /24
        TOS: 0  Metric: 130 

我R5要去1.1.1.0网段找R4,也就是说,三类lsa在整个ospf区域传输,但是经过下一个ABR时,adv router会被修改为新的ABR的rid
这样就是 R5去1.1.1.0找R4,R4去1.1.1.0找R2,R2通过一类lsa知道如何去1.1.1.0网段

LSA类别名传播范围通告者(更新源)携带信息link-id
LSA3 summary整个OSPF域ABR (RID) 在经过下一个ABR时,修改为新的ABR-route-idO IA 域间路由O IA路由目标(网络号,或者说要到达的网段)

五类

一二三类lsa描述了所有ospf区域的拓扑,但是不能描述ospf区域外的路由信息,这就由五类lsa来完成
因此,五类lsa由ASBR产生
在这里,在R5和R6之间运行eigrp协议,并将外部路由重发布进ospf

R5(config)#router ospf 100
R5(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 subnets //subnets表示重发布所有路由,不加的话只重发布主类路由

查看R5的五类lsa

R5#sho ip ospf database external 6.6.6.0

            OSPF Router with ID (95.5.5.5) (Process ID 100)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  LS age: 348
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 6.6.6.0 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 95.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000001
  Checksum: 0x4BD4
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /24
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path) 
        TOS: 0 
        Metric: 20 
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 0

将外部路由引入ospf会有一个种子度量值,将eigrp的路由已进入ospf的种子度量值是20,并且为类型2,类型2的路由沿途传播时不增加度量值,例如,我在R1上查看这条6.6.6.0的路由时

6.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    6.6.6.0 [110/20] via 12.1.1.2, 00:09:01, Serial1/1

类型为 OSPF,域外路由,类型2,故 O E2,metric值依然为20,而类型一则会累加度量值

LSA类别名传播范围通告者(更新源)携带信息link-id
LSA5 External整个OSPF域ASBR(协议边界路由器),传递过程中不修改rid,因为ABR不可替代ASBRO E1/2 域外路由(重发布)O E 路由目标

四类

在R4上查看五类lsa

R4#sho ip ospf database external 6.6.6.0

            OSPF Router with ID (94.4.4.4) (Process ID 100)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 1546
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 6.6.6.0 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 95.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000003
  Checksum: 0x47D6
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /24
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        TOS: 0 
        Metric: 20 
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 0

可以看到,我R4要去6.6.6.0网段,可以找R5
查看R1的五类lsa

R1#sho ip ospf database external 6.6.6.0

            OSPF Router with ID (91.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

                Type-5 AS External Link States

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 1632
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: AS External Link
  Link State ID: 6.6.6.0 (External Network Number )
  Advertising Router: 95.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000003
  Checksum: 0x47D6
  Length: 36
  Network Mask: /24
        Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
        TOS: 0 
        Metric: 20 
        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
        External Route Tag: 0

我们发现,R1要去6.6.6.0还是要找R5,可是R1和R5根本不在同一区域,R1是不知道R5位置的,也可以看出来五类lsa在传递过程中是不修改rid的,因此就必须有人要告知所有路由器ASBR的位置,这个任务交给R4完成,也就是ASBR所在区域的ABR来产生四类lsa,用于告知ASBR的位置,
在R4上查看四类lsa

R4#sho ip ospf database asbr-summary 

            OSPF Router with ID (94.4.4.4) (Process ID 100)

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)

  LS age: 1943
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)
  Link State ID: 95.5.5.5 (AS Boundary Router address)
  Advertising Router: 94.4.4.4
  LS Seq Number: 80000003
  Checksum: 0xD64A
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /0
        TOS: 0  Metric: 64 

即R4告知其他路由器,你要找95.5.5.5,你要先找到我94.4.4.4,我帮你转发
在查看R1的四类lsa

R1#sho ip ospf database asbr-summary 

            OSPF Router with ID (91.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 52
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
  LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)
  Link State ID: 95.5.5.5 (AS Boundary Router address)
  Advertising Router: 92.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000004
  Checksum: 0x9D49
  Length: 28
  Network Mask: /0
        TOS: 0  Metric: 129 

即R1要找95.5.5.5,你要先找到我R2,我R4找到R4,R4知道R5的位置,即,要去6.6.6.0网段,流量先给R2,R2给R4,R4给R5,R5给R6。
可以看出,四类lsa在传播过程中会修改rid

LSA类别名传播范围通告者(更新源)携带信息link-id
LSA4 asbr-summary除ASBR所在区域外的整个OSPF域ABR(ASBR所在区域的ABR) 在经过下一个ABR时,修改为新的ridASBR的位置ASBR的RID

总结

LSA类别名传播范围通告者(更新源)携带信息link-id
LSA1 router本地所在区域本区域每台路由器(RID)本地直连拓扑:1,本地直连路由;2,拓扑信息,我是如何和邻居连接的,比如点对点,ma网络通告者的RID
LSA2 network本地所在区域DR(RID)单个MA网段的拓扑:1,ma网络中的路由器;2,网络掩码DR的接口ip地址
LSA3 summary整个OSPF域ABR (RID) 在经过下一个ABR时,修改为新的ABR-route-idO IA 域间路由O IA路由目标
LSA4 asbr-summary除ASBR所在区域外的整个OSPF域ABR(ASBR所在区域的ABR)在经过下一个ABR时,修改为新的ridASBR的位置ASBR的RID
LSA5 External整个OSPF域ASBR(协议边界路由器),传递过程中不修改rid,因为ABR不可替代ASBRO E1/2 域外路由(重发布)O E 路由目标

七类

❤️ 将会在ospf特殊区域写到

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